{"id":196,"date":"2021-12-02T12:44:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/stars2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:22","slug":"stars2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/stars2\/","title":{"rendered":"Gwiazdy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Podobnie jak ludzie, gwiazdy rodz\u0105 si\u0119, starzej\u0105 si\u0119 i umieraj\u0105. Miejscem ich narodzin s\u0105 ogromne, zimne chmury gazu i py\u0142u, zwane \u2018mg\u0142awicami\u2019. Najbardziej znan\u0105 z nich jest Mg\u0142awica Oriona, kt\u00f3r\u0105 mo\u017cna dostrzec go\u0142ym okiem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Miliardy lat po swoim powstaniu, gdy \u015bredniej wielko\u015bci gwiazda, taka jak S\u0142o\u0144ce, zbli\u017ca si\u0119 do ko\u0144ca swojego \u017cycia, rozszerza si\u0119, staj\u0105c si\u0119 czerwonym olbrzymem. Jej \u015brednica mo\u017ce wynosi\u0107 miliony kilometr\u00f3w \u2013 kiedy to samo stanie si\u0119 ze S\u0142o\u0144cem, b\u0119dzie ono na tyle du\u017ce, \u017ce poch\u0142onie planety Merkury i Wenus!<\/p>\n

Po wyrzuceniu zewn\u0119trznych warstw gazu gwiazda zapada si\u0119, tworz\u0105c bardzo g\u0119stego bia\u0142ego kar\u0142a. Jedna \u0142y\u017ceczka materii z bia\u0142ego kar\u0142a wa\u017cy\u0142aby a\u017c 100 ton! W ci\u0105gu miliard\u00f3w lat bia\u0142y karze\u0142 och\u0142adza si\u0119 i staje si\u0119 niewidoczny. Ale nie martw si\u0119, naszemu S\u0142o\u0144cu to nie grozi jeszcze przez oko\u0142o 5 miliard\u00f3w lat!<\/p>\n

Ma\u0142e gwiazdy \u017cyj\u0105 bardzo d\u0142ugo \u2013 ponad 10 miliard\u00f3w lat. Nigdy nie zaobserwowano ich \u015bmierci, ale przypuszcza si\u0119, \u017ce ko\u0144cz\u0105 swoje \u017cycie w ciszy i ostatecznie gasn\u0105.<\/p>\n

\"Supernova
Pozosta\u0142o\u015b\u0107 po supernowej<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Najwi\u0119ksze gwiazdy ko\u0144cz\u0105 swoje \u017cycie bardzo nagle. Pod koniec swojego \u017cycia puchn\u0105, przekszta\u0142caj\u0105c si\u0119 w czerwone nadolbrzymy, po czym ostatecznie rozpadaj\u0105 si\u0119 w wyniku pot\u0119\u017cnej eksplozji supernowej.<\/p>\n

Przez oko\u0142o tydzie\u0144 supernowa przy\u0107miewa jasno\u015bci\u0105 wszystkie inne gwiazdy w swojej galaktyce. Nast\u0119pnie szybko blednie. Pozostaje po niej jedynie male\u0144ki, g\u0119sty obiekt \u2013 gwiazda neutronowa lub czarna dziura \u2013 otoczony rozszerzaj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 chmur\u0105 bardzo gor\u0105cego gazu.<\/p>\n

Pierwiastki powsta\u0142e w wn\u0119trzu supergiganta (takie jak tlen, w\u0119giel i \u017celazo) s\u0105 rozrzucane w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Ten gwiezdny py\u0142 ostatecznie tworzy inne gwiazdy i planety!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Like people, stars are born, they grow old and they die. Their birth places are huge, cold clouds of gas and dust, known as ‘nebulas’. The most famous of these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/01\/nearby_galaxy_ngc_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity2\/17880180-2-eng-GB\/Nearby_galaxy_NGC_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Nearby galaxy NGC 1569 is a 'hotbed' of star birth activity","esa_banner_credit":"ESA, NASA and Peter Anders (G\u00f6ttingen University Galaxy Evolution Group, Germany)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/01\/Nearby_galaxy_NGC_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4352,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions\/4352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}