{"id":193,"date":"2021-12-02T12:45:12","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/comets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:20","slug":"comets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/comets\/","title":{"rendered":"Komety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Staro\u017cytni ludzie bali si\u0119 komet \u2013 uwa\u017cano, \u017ce przynosz\u0105 pecha lub zwiastuj\u0105 katastrof\u0119. Dzisiaj wiemy, \u017ce komety to ma\u0142e, lodowe cia\u0142a niebieskie, kt\u00f3re pozosta\u0142y po procesie formowania si\u0119 planet. Uwa\u017ca si\u0119, \u017ce na obrze\u017cach Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego, poza orbit\u0105 Plutona, istniej\u0105 miliardy komet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 komet jest tak ma\u0142a i znajduje si\u0119 tak daleko, \u017ce nie mo\u017cemy ich dostrzec nawet w najwi\u0119kszych teleskopach. Widzimy je jednak, gdy zbli\u017caj\u0105 si\u0119 do S\u0142o\u0144ca i tworz\u0105 ogony z\u0142o\u017cone z gazu i py\u0142u. (S\u0142owo \u2018kometa\u2019 oznacza \u201ew\u0142osat\u0105 gwiazd\u0119\u201d.)<\/p>\n

Ciep\u0142o S\u0142o\u0144ca sprawia, \u017ce l\u00f3d zamienia si\u0119 w gaz, kt\u00f3ry rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 na odleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107 milion\u00f3w kilometr\u00f3w w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105. Pomimo tej ogromnej d\u0142ugo\u015bci cz\u0105steczki py\u0142u, kt\u00f3re si\u0119 w nim znajduj\u0105, nie s\u0105 wi\u0119ksze ni\u017c ziarenka piasku.<\/p>\n

\"Rosetta
Rosetta \u2013 \u0142owczyni komet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Niekt\u00f3re komety okr\u0105\u017caj\u0105 S\u0142o\u0144ce w ci\u0105gu zaledwie kilku lat. Inne \u2013 jak kometa Halleya \u2013 potrzebuj\u0105 na to znacznie wi\u0119cej czasu. Jeszcze inne pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 tylko raz i nigdy wi\u0119cej nie s\u0105 widziane. Sonda kosmiczna SOHO nale\u017c\u0105ca do ESA pos\u0142u\u017cy\u0142a do odkrycia tysi\u0119cy ma\u0142ych komet, kt\u00f3re przelatuj\u0105 bardzo blisko S\u0142o\u0144ca. Wiele z nich uderza w S\u0142o\u0144ce lub zostaje rozerwanych przez jego silne pole grawitacyjne.<\/p>\n

W 2014 roku europejska sonda kosmiczna \u201eRosetta\u201d przejdzie do historii, wchodz\u0105c na orbit\u0119 wok\u00f3\u0142 komety i wysy\u0142aj\u0105c l\u0105downik na jej powierzchni\u0119.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ancient people were afraid of comets \u2013 they were said to bring bad luck or foretell disaster. We now know that comets are small ice worlds that have been left […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background2\/17913109-2-eng-GB\/Giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Giotto's art shows a comet in the background","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/Giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4350,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions\/4350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}