{"id":1140,"date":"2004-11-19T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sailing_through_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T11:30:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:30:53","slug":"sailing_through_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/sailing_through_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Podr\u00f3\u017c przez kosmos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Do tej pory w niemal wszystkich misjach kosmicznych wykorzystywano silniki rakietowe zasilane paliwem chemicznym. Niestety nie s\u0105 one zbyt wydajne. Na przyk\u0142ad ponad po\u0142owa masy startowej sondy kosmicznej \u201eRosetta\u201d nale\u017c\u0105cej do ESA stanowi\u0142o paliwo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

ESA bada obecnie sposoby zmniejszenia ilo\u015bci przewo\u017conego paliwa. Jednym z pomys\u0142\u00f3w jest silnik jonowy, kt\u00f3ry wykorzystuje elektryczn\u0105 \u2018armat\u0119\u2019 do wyrzucania gazu w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105.<\/p>\n

Chocia\u017c si\u0142a nap\u0119dowa silnika jest bardzo niewielka, pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 stopniowo ro\u015bnie. W ko\u0144cu pozwala to statkowi kosmicznemu porusza\u0107 si\u0119 bardzo szybko.<\/p>\n

\"Artist's
Wizualizacja sondy SMART-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

W trakcie lotu na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc sonda SMART-1 przeprowadzi\u0142a udany test silnika jonowego. Silnik ten generowa\u0142 10 razy wi\u0119kszy ci\u0105g ni\u017c zwyk\u0142y silnik rakietowy na ka\u017cdy kilogram zu\u017cytego paliwa.<\/p>\n

ESA prowadzi r\u00f3wnie\u017c badania nad statkami kosmicznymi wykorzystuj\u0105cymi \u017cagle s\u0142oneczne zamiast silnik\u00f3w. \u015awiat\u0142o s\u0142oneczne padaj\u0105ce na du\u017cy \u017cagiel przypominaj\u0105cy lustro b\u0119dzie w stanie popchn\u0105\u0107 statek kosmiczny w kierunku innych planet. Po wielu miesi\u0105cach taki statek kosmiczny m\u00f3g\u0142by osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 360 000 km\/h.<\/p>\n

Innym sposobem na oszcz\u0119dno\u015b\u0107 paliwa i zmniejszenie masy jest spowolnienie poprzez przelot przez g\u00f3rne warstwy atmosfery planety. ESA planuje zbudowa\u0107 statek kosmiczny, kt\u00f3ry wejdzie na orbit\u0119 wok\u00f3\u0142 Marsa, wykorzystuj\u0105c t\u0119 metod\u0119 \u2018aerocapture\u2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Until now, nearly all space missions have used rocket motors that feed on chemical fuel. Unfortunately, these are not very efficient. For example, over half the launch weight of ESA’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/close-up_view_of_smart-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster2\/17900310-2-eng-GB\/Close-up_view_of_SMART-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Close-up view of SMART-1's stationary plasma thruster","esa_banner_credit":"ESA 2002. Illustration by Medialab.","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/Close-up_view_of_SMART-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1140"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4867,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions\/4867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}