{"id":1139,"date":"2004-11-19T09:40:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/new_transport\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:27","slug":"new_transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/new_transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Nowy \u015brodek transportu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kosmos jest ogromny. Podr\u00f3\u017c na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc \u2013 naszego s\u0105siada w kosmosie \u2013 zajmie trzy dni przy u\u017cyciu zwyk\u0142ych rakiet chemicznych. Podr\u00f3\u017ce na Marsa, do asteroid i na planety zewn\u0119trzne trwa\u0142yby wiele miesi\u0119cy, a nawet lat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Podczas d\u0142ugich podr\u00f3\u017cy zdrowie i kondycja astronaut\u00f3w ulegaj\u0105 pogorszeniu w wyniku ekspozycji na promieniowanie i stan niewa\u017cko\u015bci. D\u0142ugie misje wymagaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c wi\u0119kszych zapas\u00f3w powietrza, wody i \u017cywno\u015bci, a tak\u017ce zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105 ryzyko wyst\u0105pienia nieprzewidzianych komplikacji. Jak jednak mo\u017cna skr\u00f3ci\u0107 czas trwania misji?<\/p>\n

Jednym ze sposob\u00f3w jest zwi\u0119kszenie wydajno\u015bci silnik\u00f3w rakietowych. In\u017cynierowie z ESA skonstruowali ju\u017c elektryczny uk\u0142ad nap\u0119dowy na potrzeby misji SMART-1 na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc. Silniki elektryczne s\u0105 znacznie mniejsze i l\u017cejsze od zwyk\u0142ych silnik\u00f3w. Chocia\u017c zu\u017cywaj\u0105 znacznie mniej paliwa, s\u0105 w stanie wytworzy\u0107 wi\u0119ksz\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 wylotow\u0105 \u2013 czyli pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107, z jak\u0105 gaz z silnika wyrzuca si\u0119 w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105.<\/p>\n

Wykorzystuj\u0105c energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105 wytwarzan\u0105 przez promienie s\u0142oneczne padaj\u0105ce na \u2018skrzyd\u0142a\u2019 z\u0142o\u017cone z ogniw s\u0142onecznych, mog\u0105 one stopniowo zwi\u0119ksza\u0107 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 statku kosmicznego, a\u017c osi\u0105gnie on pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 wielokrotnie wi\u0119ksz\u0105 ni\u017c rakieta chemiczna.<\/p>\n

W przypadku misji prowadzonych daleko od S\u0142o\u0144ca konieczne b\u0119dzie zastosowanie silnik\u00f3w j\u0105drowych. Dzi\u0119ki takim silnikom w przysz\u0142o\u015bci mo\u017ce okaza\u0107 si\u0119 mo\u017cliwe dotarcie na Marsa w ci\u0105gu zaledwie kilku dni.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space is vast. A trip to the Moon – our neighbour in space \u2013 will take three days using normal chemical rockets. Journeys to Mars, the asteroids and the outer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/smart-1_showing_off_ion_engine2\/17872705-2-eng-GB\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SMART-1 showing off ion engine","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2282,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions\/2282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}