{"id":1131,"date":"2004-11-16T08:19:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T07:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mars_valleys_and_volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:21","slug":"mars_valleys_and_volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/mars_valleys_and_volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Dolina i wulkany na Marsie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Zdj\u0119cia przes\u0142ane przez sondy kosmiczne, takie jak \u201eMars Express\u201d nale\u017c\u0105cy do ESA, pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce na Marsie znajduje si\u0119 wiele du\u017cych krater\u00f3w uderzeniowych. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich znajduje si\u0119 na po\u0142udnie od r\u00f3wnika. Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce powsta\u0142y one w wyniku uderze\u0144 meteoryt\u00f3w w powierzchni\u0119 planety miliardy lat temu. Najwi\u0119kszy krater ma oko\u0142o 1800 km \u015brednicy \u2013 jest na tyle du\u017cy, \u017ce zmie\u015bci\u0142aby si\u0119 w nim po\u0142owa Europy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jednak powierzchnia Marsa uleg\u0142a zmianom w ci\u0105gu jego historii. Jedn\u0105 z najbardziej rzucaj\u0105cych si\u0119 w oczy cech jest ogromny system dolin \u2013 Valles Marineris \u2013 po\u0142o\u017cony w pobli\u017cu r\u00f3wnika planety. Maj\u0105 one oko\u0142o 5000 km d\u0142ugo\u015bci, co odpowiada odleg\u0142o\u015bci mi\u0119dzy Pary\u017cem a Nowym Jorkiem.<\/p>\n

\"Perspective
Widok perspektywiczny osad\u00f3w w Melas Chasma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce doliny powsta\u0142y w wyniku p\u0119kania powierzchni planety, kiedy skalista skorupa uleg\u0142a rozci\u0105gni\u0119ciu i rozdarciu. Doliny s\u0105 obecnie tak szerokie, \u017ce osoba stoj\u0105ca na jednym z ich brzeg\u00f3w nie by\u0142aby w stanie dostrzec drugiego brzegu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Niedaleko na zach\u00f3d znajduje si\u0119 pi\u0119\u0107 ogromnych wulkan\u00f3w. Najbardziej imponuj\u0105cy z nich to Olympus Mons, najwi\u0119kszy wulkan w Uk\u0142adzie S\u0142onecznym. Jest szerszy od Anglii i trzykrotnie wy\u017cszy od Mount Everestu, najwy\u017cszej g\u00f3ry na Ziemi. \u017baden z tych wulkan\u00f3w nie jest obecnie aktywny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pictures sent back by spacecraft such as ESA’s Mars Express show that Mars has many large impact craters. Most of these are to the south of the equator. They seem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/crater_hale_in_argyre_basin3\/17910048-2-eng-GB\/Crater_Hale_in_Argyre_basin.jpe","esa_banner_description":"Crater Hale in Argyre basin","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/Crater_Hale_in_Argyre_basin3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1131"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4864,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131\/revisions\/4864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}