{"id":1127,"date":"2004-11-15T12:50:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_sun\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:18","slug":"the_sun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/the_sun\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sun"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Specjalne przyrz\u0105dy, zwane spektrografami, wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce S\u0142o\u0144ce sk\u0142ada si\u0119 niemal wy\u0142\u0105cznie z dw\u00f3ch gaz\u00f3w: wodoru i helu. Temperatura na jego powierzchni wynosi oko\u0142o 5 500 stopni Celsjusza \u2013 jest to ponad 20 razy wi\u0119cej ni\u017c w piekarniku ustawionym na maksymaln\u0105 temperatur\u0119. W centrum temperatura si\u0119ga oko\u0142o 15 milion\u00f3w stopni Celsjusza, a gaz jest \u015bci\u015bni\u0119ty do g\u0119sto\u015bci oko\u0142o 10 razy wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 o\u0142owiu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

W tak wysokich temperaturach i ci\u015bnieniach S\u0142o\u0144ce staje si\u0119 reaktorem j\u0105drowym, w kt\u00f3rym wod\u00f3r przekszta\u0142ca si\u0119 w hel. Jednocze\u015bnie powstaj\u0105 ogromne ilo\u015bci promieniowania. Dociera ono na powierzchni\u0119 w postaci \u015bwiat\u0142a widzialnego, podczerwonego i ultrafioletowego oraz promieni rentgenowskich.<\/p>\n

Co godzin\u0119 S\u0142o\u0144ce wyrzuca w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105 miliard ton gazu z pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 si\u0119gaj\u0105c\u0105 2 milion\u00f3w km na godzin\u0119. Mimo to S\u0142o\u0144ce ma tak ogromn\u0105 mas\u0119, \u017ce mo\u017ce p\u0142on\u0105\u0107 przez miliardy lat.<\/p>\n

\"Mysterious<\/figure>\n

Co 11 lat S\u0142o\u0144ce staje si\u0119 coraz bardziej aktywne. W takich okresach na jego powierzchni pojawia si\u0119 wi\u0119cej ciemnych plam s\u0142onecznych. W szczytowym momencie cyklu plam s\u0142onecznych wyst\u0119puje znacznie wi\u0119cej gwa\u0142townych burz s\u0142onecznych. Podczas ostatniego maksimum s\u0142onecznego w 2001 roku liczne rozb\u0142yski s\u0142oneczne i wyrzuty koronalne wyrzuci\u0142y w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105 miliardy ton materii z ogromn\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105.<\/p>\n

Je\u015bli burze te skieruj\u0105 si\u0119 w stron\u0119 Ziemi, mog\u0105 wywo\u0142a\u0107 powa\u017cne skutki uboczne. Mog\u0105 spowodowa\u0107 przerwy w dostawach pr\u0105du, uszkodzi\u0107 satelity oraz zak\u0142\u00f3ci\u0107 dzia\u0142anie system\u00f3w \u0142\u0105czno\u015bci i nawigacji. S\u0105 one r\u00f3wnie\u017c przyczyn\u0105 zjawiska zorzy polarnej \u2013 powszechnie znanej jako zorza p\u00f3\u0142nocna i po\u0142udniowa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Special instruments known as spectrographs tell us that the Sun is made almost entirely of two gases, hydrogen and helium. The temperature at its surface is about 5 500 degrees […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/the_sun2\/17874148-2-eng-GB\/The_Sun.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The Sun","esa_banner_credit":"SOHO\/EIT (ESA & NASA)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/The_Sun2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,35],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-the-sun","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4862,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions\/4862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}