{"id":1102,"date":"2006-01-19T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-19T10:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_kuiper_belt\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:01","slug":"the_kuiper_belt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/the_kuiper_belt\/","title":{"rendered":"Pas Kuipera"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Nowoczesne teleskopy pozwoli\u0142y odkry\u0107 setki lodowych obiekt\u00f3w poza orbit\u0105 Neptuna, w obszarze znanym jako Pas Kuipera. Nazwa tego pasa pochodzi od Gerarda Kuipera, astronoma pochodzenia holenderskiego, kt\u00f3ry w 1951 roku wysun\u0105\u0142 hipotez\u0119, \u017ce niekt\u00f3re komety mog\u0105 pochodzi\u0107 w\u0142a\u015bnie z tego obszaru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pierwszy obiekt z pasa Kuipera odkryto w 1992 roku, co potwierdzi\u0142o s\u0142uszno\u015b\u0107 teorii Kuipera. Ich wykrywanie jest trudne, poniewa\u017c s\u0105 one bardzo s\u0142abo widoczne i poruszaj\u0105 si\u0119 niezwykle powoli. Obiekty te potrzebuj\u0105 setek lat, aby wykona\u0107 jeden obieg wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca.<\/p>\n<p>Obiekty te s\u0105 prawdopodobnie pozosta\u0142o\u015bciami po okresie formowania si\u0119 planet. Zosta\u0142y one wyrzucone do tego odleg\u0142ego, zewn\u0119trznego obszaru w wyniku oddzia\u0142ywa\u0144 z planetami olbrzymami.<\/p>\n<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 obiekt\u00f3w jest niewielka, zazwyczaj ma \u015brednic\u0119 od 10 do 50 km. Do niedawna Pluton by\u0142 najwi\u0119kszym z nich, cho\u0107 kilka innych obiekt\u00f3w by\u0142o niemal r\u00f3wnie du\u017cych.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"NASA\/JPL - Caltech\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Xena2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/xena2\/17867118-3-eng-GB\/Xena.jpg\" alt=\"Eris\"><figcaption>Eris<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nast\u0119pnie, w 2005 roku, odkryto jeszcze wi\u0119kszy obiekt. Znany jako 2003 UB313, naukowcy nadali mu przydomek \u201cXena\u201d (na cze\u015b\u0107 wojowniczej ksi\u0119\u017cniczki z popularnego serialu telewizyjnego), dop\u00f3ki nie nadali mu w\u0142a\u015bciwej nazwy \u2013 Eris.<\/p>\n<p>W momencie odkrycia Eris znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 w odleg\u0142o\u015bci od S\u0142o\u0144ca dwukrotnie wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c Pluton (97 odleg\u0142o\u015bci S\u0142o\u0144ce\u2013Ziemia). To sprawi\u0142o, \u017ce sta\u0142a si\u0119 najodleglejszym obiektem, jaki dotychczas zaobserwowano w Uk\u0142adzie S\u0142onecznym. Jej orbita jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c nachylona pod k\u0105tem 44 stopni, wi\u0119c porusza si\u0119 znacznie powy\u017cej i poni\u017cej tor\u00f3w ruchu pozosta\u0142ych planet. Stwierdzono r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce posiada ksi\u0119\u017cyc o nazwie Dysnomia.<\/p>\n<p>Nie wszyscy zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119, \u017ce Pluton i Eris nale\u017cy uzna\u0107 za dziewi\u0105t\u0105 i dziesi\u0105t\u0105 planet\u0119 Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego. W 2006 roku Mi\u0119dzynarodowa Unia Astronomiczna zaklasyfikowa\u0142a je jako \u2018planety kar\u0142owate\u2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern telescopes have revealed hundreds of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune, in a region known as the Kuiper Belt. The Belt is named after Gerard Kuiper, a Dutch-born [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/kuiper_belt2\/17908900-2-eng-GB\/Kuiper_Belt.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Kuiper_Belt2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1102"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4852,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions\/4852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}