{"id":1101,"date":"2005-12-09T13:07:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-09T12:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/moons_and_rings\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:01","slug":"moons_and_rings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/moons_and_rings\/","title":{"rendered":"Ksi\u0119\u017cyce i pier\u015bcienie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Wszystkie planety kr\u0105\u017c\u0105 wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca w kierunku przeciwnym do ruchu wskaz\u00f3wek zegara \u2013 patrz\u0105c z g\u00f3ry z p\u00f3\u0142nocnego bieguna Ziemi. Ich rok \u2013 czyli czas potrzebny do wykonania jednego obiegu \u2013 zale\u017cy od odleg\u0142o\u015bci od S\u0142o\u0144ca. Rok na Merkurym trwa zaledwie 88 dni ziemskich, wi\u0119c osoba urodzona na tej planecie mia\u0142aby cztery razy wi\u0119cej urodzin ni\u017c my na Ziemi. Natomiast rok na Plutonie odpowiada 248 naszym latom. Osoba urodzona na Plutonie nigdy nie \u015bwi\u0119towa\u0142aby urodzin!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wenus i Merkury nie maj\u0105 naturalnych satelit\u00f3w, ale pozosta\u0142e siedem planet ma ksi\u0119\u017cyce kr\u0105\u017c\u0105ce wok\u00f3\u0142 nich. \u0141\u0105czna liczba dotychczas zarejestrowanych ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w wynosi 138. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich jest bardzo ma\u0142a i trudna do dostrze\u017cenia, nawet przy u\u017cyciu du\u017cych teleskop\u00f3w. Obecnie rekordzist\u0105 jest Jowisz, kt\u00f3ry ma 63 znane ksi\u0119\u017cyce. W\u015br\u00f3d nich znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 cztery ksi\u0119\u017cyce wielko\u015bci planet \u2013 Ganimedes (najwi\u0119kszy ksi\u0119\u017cyc w Uk\u0142adzie S\u0142onecznym), Kallisto, Europa i Io.<\/p>\n

Silne pole grawitacyjne pozosta\u0142ych gazowych gigant\u00f3w r\u00f3wnie\u017c przyci\u0105gn\u0119\u0142o liczne ksi\u0119\u017cyce: Saturn ma ich 31, Uran 27, a Neptun 13. Zar\u00f3wno Ziemia, jak i Pluton maj\u0105 po jednym du\u017cym ksi\u0119\u017cycu kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cym wok\u00f3\u0142 nich.<\/p>\n

Cztery najwi\u0119ksze planety \u2013 Jowisz, Saturn, Uran i Neptun \u2013 r\u00f3wnie\u017c maj\u0105 pier\u015bcienie. Sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 one z fragment\u00f3w lodu i ska\u0142 o rozmiarach wahaj\u0105cych si\u0119 od wielko\u015bci g\u00f3r po wielko\u015b\u0107 dymu papierosowego. Pier\u015bcienie te mog\u0105 by\u0107 pozosta\u0142o\u015bciami po rozpad\u0142ej si\u0119 ksi\u0119\u017cycu lub od\u0142amkami z pobliskich ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

All of the planets travel around the Sun in a counter-clockwise direction \u2013 as seen from above Earth\u2019s north pole. Their year – the time they take to complete one […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/04\/jupiter_s_moon_europa2\/17905460-2-eng-GB\/Jupiter_s_moon_Europa.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Jupiter's moon, Europa","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/DLR","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/04\/Jupiter_s_moon_Europa2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2244,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101\/revisions\/2244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}