{"id":1096,"date":"2007-10-19T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-19T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:58","slug":"herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: kosmiczny wykrywacz ciep\u0142a nale\u017c\u0105cy do ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Latem 2008 roku z Kourou w Gujanie Francuskiej wystartuj\u0105 dwa z najbardziej czu\u0142ych obserwatori\u00f3w kosmicznych, jakie kiedykolwiek wystrzelono. Na pok\u0142adzie rakiety Ariane 5 znajd\u0105 si\u0119: Herschel, najpot\u0119\u017cniejszy na \u015bwiecie teleskop kosmiczny wykrywaj\u0105cy promieniowanie cieplne, oraz Planck, kt\u00f3ry b\u0119dzie bada\u0142 s\u0142abe promieniowanie wype\u0142niaj\u0105ce Wszech\u015bwiat tu\u017c po Wielkim Wybuchu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wszystko w kosmicznym obserwatorium Herschel nale\u017c\u0105cym do ESA jest ogromne. Satelita ma oko\u0142o 7 metr\u00f3w wysoko\u015bci i 4,3 metra szeroko\u015bci, a jego masa wynosi 3,25 tony. Jego teleskop posiada lustro g\u0142\u00f3wne o \u015brednicy 3,5 metra \u2013 najwi\u0119ksze, jakie kiedykolwiek zbudowano dla statku kosmicznego przeznaczonego do cel\u00f3w naukowych.<\/p>\n

Obserwatorium nosi imi\u0119 kolejnego giganta nauki, niemieckiego astronoma i muzyka Williama Herschela. W 1800 roku Herschel u\u017cywa\u0142 szklanego pryzmatu do rozszczepiania bia\u0142ego \u015bwiat\u0142a na t\u0119cz\u0119 kolor\u00f3w. Ku jego zaskoczeniu termometr umieszczony obok wi\u0105zki \u015bwiat\u0142a czerwonego wskaza\u0142 wzrost temperatury. Herschel odkry\u0142 niewidzialne \u015bwiat\u0142o pochodz\u0105ce ze S\u0142o\u0144ca, kt\u00f3re naukowcy nazywaj\u0105 \u201cpromieniowaniem podczerwonym\u201d. Cz\u0119sto nazywamy je po prostu \u201cciep\u0142em\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sonda Herschel b\u0119dzie znajdowa\u0107 si\u0119 w odleg\u0142o\u015bci 1,5 miliona kilometr\u00f3w \u2013 wystarczaj\u0105co daleko, by unikn\u0105\u0107 problem\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z zak\u0142\u00f3caniem obserwacji przez promieniowanie podczerwone pochodz\u0105ce z Ziemi. Jej trzy instrumenty b\u0119d\u0105 ch\u0142odzone ciek\u0142ym helem, dzi\u0119ki czemu ich temperatura b\u0119dzie zbli\u017cona do zera absolutnego (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Sonda Herschel pos\u0142u\u017cy do badania \u2018zimnego\u2019 Wszech\u015bwiata. Jej sch\u0142odzone \u2018oczy\u2019 b\u0119d\u0105 widzie\u0107 przez chmury py\u0142u, umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105c badanie obszar\u00f3w formowania si\u0119 gwiazd, centr\u00f3w galaktyk oraz ukrytych planet. Przede wszystkim jednak sonda b\u0119dzie mia\u0142a za zadanie ustali\u0107, w jaki spos\u00f3b powsta\u0142y galaktyki i gwiazdy we wczesnym Wszech\u015bwiecie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the summer of 2008, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever launched will lift off from Kourou in French Guiana. On board the Ariane 5 rocket will be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/09\/sun_earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2\/17892130-2-eng-GB\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/09\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}