{"id":1092,"date":"2009-04-06T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2009-04-06T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:56","slug":"esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/","title":{"rendered":"Obserwatoria kosmiczne ESA maj\u0105 bada\u0107 wczesny wszech\u015bwiat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Astronomowie na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie z niecierpliwo\u015bci\u0105 oczekuj\u0105 na start rakiety Ariane 5, kt\u00f3ra wyniesie na orbit\u0119 dwa prze\u0142omowe satelity ESA, nazwane na cze\u015b\u0107 s\u0142ynnych europejskich naukowc\u00f3w: Planck i Herschel. Te najnowocze\u015bniejsze obserwatoria kosmiczne, niczym wehiku\u0142y czasu XXI wieku, spojrz\u0105 w przesz\u0142o\u015b\u0107, pomagaj\u0105c naukowcom odkry\u0107 tajemnice powstania gwiazd, galaktyk i samego wszech\u015bwiata.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Herschel b\u0119dzie najwi\u0119kszym teleskopem, jaki kiedykolwiek wys\u0142ano w kosmos. Jego sercem jest lustro g\u0142\u00f3wne o \u015brednicy 3,5 m \u2013 znacznie wi\u0119ksze, ale l\u017cejsze ni\u017c lustro stosowane w Kosmicznym Teleskopie Hubble\u2019a. To wa\u017c\u0105ce 3,4 tony obserwatorium nosi imi\u0119 niemiecko-brytyjskiego astronoma Williama Herschela, kt\u00f3ry w 1800 roku przeszed\u0142 do historii, odkrywaj\u0105c niewidzialne promieniowanie podczerwone (odczuwalne przez nas jako ciep\u0142o). Trzy instrumenty zainstalowane na nowoczesnym teleskopie Herschel b\u0119d\u0105 przez co najmniej trzy lata bada\u0107 chmury zimnego py\u0142u, w kt\u00f3rych rodz\u0105 si\u0119 gwiazdy, oraz odleg\u0142e galaktyki, kt\u00f3re silnie \u015bwiec\u0105 w podczerwieni.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2068\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Thales\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/03\/Planck_telescope2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/planck_telescope2\/17872743-2-eng-GB\/Planck_telescope.jpg\" alt=\"Planck telescope\"><figcaption>Teleskop Plancka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Obok sondy Herschel znajdzie si\u0119 satelita, kt\u00f3rego zadaniem jest spojrzenie wstecz, a\u017c do pocz\u0105tk\u00f3w czasu. Ten wa\u017c\u0105cy 1 900 kg statek kosmiczny, nazwany na cze\u015b\u0107 niemieckiego fizyka Maxa Plancka, b\u0119dzie bada\u0142 s\u0142abe echa pozosta\u0142e po narodzinach Wszech\u015bwiata w wyniku Wielkiego Wybuchu. Echa te przejawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 jako wahania temperatury rz\u0119du kilku milionowych cz\u0119\u015bci stopnia. Aby wykry\u0107 i sporz\u0105dzi\u0107 map\u0119 tego niewidzialnego promieniowania mikrofalowego, dwa detektory sondy Planck b\u0119d\u0105 musia\u0142y zosta\u0107 sch\u0142odzone do temperatury -273 stopni Celsjusza. W ci\u0105gu oko\u0142o 15 miesi\u0119cy g\u0142\u00f3wne lustro obserwatorium o \u015brednicy 1,5 m b\u0119dzie zbiera\u0107 niezwykle s\u0142abe promieniowanie, kt\u00f3re rozpocz\u0119\u0142o swoj\u0105 podr\u00f3\u017c w kierunku Ziemi oko\u0142o 14 miliard\u00f3w lat temu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronomers around the world are eagerly awaiting the launch of an Ariane 5 rocket carrying two groundbreaking ESA satellites named after famous European scientists: Planck and Herschel. Like 21st century [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/artist_concept_of_the_herschel_spacecraft2\/17878959-2-eng-GB\/Artist_concept_of_the_Herschel_spacecraft.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Artist concept of the Herschel spacecraft","esa_banner_credit":"ESA \u2013 D. Ducros, 2009","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/03\/Artist_concept_of_the_Herschel_spacecraft2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1092"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4849,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions\/4849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}