{"id":921,"date":"2004-11-15T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T15:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/phobos_and_deimos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:48","slug":"phobos_and_deimos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/phobos_and_deimos\/","title":{"rendered":"Phobos \u00e9s Deimos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

1877-ben az amerikai csillag\u00e1sz, Asaph Hall k\u00e9t kis holdat fedezett fel, amelyek a Mars bolyg\u00f3 k\u00f6r\u00fcl keringtek. A holdakat Phobosnak (F\u00e9lelem) \u00e9s Deimosnak (P\u00e1nik) nevezt\u00e9k el. T\u00f6bb mint 130 \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb a tud\u00f3sok m\u00e9g mindig igyekeznek megfejteni e holdak rejt\u00e9lyeit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Lehet, hogy ezek aszteroid\u00e1k \u2013 a bolyg\u00f3k kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l megmaradt apr\u00f3 szikl\u00e1k \u2013, amelyeket a Mars mag\u00e1hoz vonzott.<\/p>\n

Mindk\u00e9t hold feket\u00e9bb, mint a sz\u00e9n, \u00e9s \u00fagy n\u00e9z ki, mint egy \u00f6sszet\u00f6rt krumpli. A Phobos \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je a legsz\u00e9lesebb pontj\u00e1n 27 km, egyik oldal\u00e1n pedig egy nagy becsap\u00f3d\u00e1si kr\u00e1ter tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Egy marsi nap alatt h\u00e1romszor ker\u00fcli meg a Marsot.<\/p>\n

A Deimos m\u00e9g enn\u00e9l is kisebb \u2013 a Naprendszer egyik legkisebb holdja. T\u00e1volabb van a Mars-t\u00f3l, ez\u00e9rt egy-egy k\u00f6rbefut\u00e1sa a bolyg\u00f3 k\u00f6r\u00fcl valamivel t\u00f6bb mint egy napig tart.<\/p>\n

Kis m\u00e9ret\u00fck miatt mindk\u00e9t holdon nagyon gyenge a gravit\u00e1ci\u00f3. A Phoboson \u00e1ll\u00f3 \u0171rhaj\u00f3sra 1000-szer kisebb gravit\u00e1ci\u00f3s er\u0151 hatna, mint a F\u00f6ld\u00f6n. B\u00e1rmilyen nagy ugr\u00e1s azt eredm\u00e9nyezhetn\u00e9, hogy az \u0171rhaj\u00f3s elrep\u00fcl az \u0171rbe!<\/p>\n

Az ESA Mars Express \u0171rszond\u00e1j\u00e1nak k\u00f6zeli elrep\u00fcl\u00e9sei nyomra vezettek arra vonatkoz\u00f3an, hogy mib\u0151l \u00e1llnak ezek a bolyg\u00f3k, \u00e9s honnan sz\u00e1rmaznak.<\/p>\n

A Mars Express az egyetlen, jelenleg a V\u00f6r\u00f6s Bolyg\u00f3 k\u00f6r\u00fcl m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 \u0171reszk\u00f6z, amely rendk\u00edv\u00fcl elliptikus (toj\u00e1s alak\u00fa) p\u00e1ly\u00e1n kering. Ez a p\u00e1lya a Phobos p\u00e1ly\u00e1j\u00e1n halad \u00e1t, \u00edgy a szonda a kis hold minden oldal\u00e1t megfigyelheti. (A F\u00f6ld Holdj\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an a Phobos is mindig ugyanazt az oldal\u00e1t ford\u00edtja a k\u00f6zeli bolyg\u00f3 fel\u00e9.) 2008. j\u00falius 23. \u00e9s szeptember 15. k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a Mars Express nyolc alkalommal rep\u00fclt el a Phobos mellett, 4 500 km-t\u0151l mind\u00f6ssze 93 km-ig terjed\u0151 t\u00e1vols\u00e1gokban.<\/p>\n

A k\u00f6zeli felv\u00e9telekb\u0151l kider\u00fcl, hogy a nagyobb hold, a Phobos, egy burgonya alak\u00fa \u0171rk\u0151, amelynek m\u00e9retei mind\u00f6ssze 27 km \u00d7 22 km \u00d7 19 km. Nagyon s\u00f6t\u00e9t \u2013 feket\u00e9bb, mint a sz\u00e9n \u2013 \u00e9s kr\u00e1terek bor\u00edtj\u00e1k. A tud\u00f3sok gondosan nyomon k\u00f6vett\u00e9k, hogyan vonzza a Phobos a Mars Express-t minden egyes elhalad\u00e1skor, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy a hold s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge nem t\u00fal nagy. Szinte biztos, hogy nem egyetlen, szil\u00e1rd testr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, hanem egy \u2018t\u00f6rmel\u00e9khalomr\u00f3l\u2019 \u2013 amely sok k\u0151darabb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, \u00e9s amelyet a gravit\u00e1ci\u00f3 tart \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\n

A Mars Express vizsg\u00e1latai arra utalnak, hogy a Phobos \u00e9s a Deimos egykor tal\u00e1n olyan aszteroid\u00e1k voltak, amelyek a Mars \u00e9s a Jupiter k\u00f6z\u00f6tt keringtek a Nap k\u00f6r\u00fcl. Egyel\u0151re azonban senki sem tudja megmagyar\u00e1zni, hogyan ker\u00fcltek a Mars vonz\u00e1sk\u00f6r\u00e9be, \u00e9s hogyan jutottak el a bolyg\u00f3 egyenl\u00edt\u0151je feletti \u2018norm\u00e1lis\u2019 p\u00e1ly\u00e1kra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1877, the American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two small moons circling the planet Mars. They were named Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Panic). More than 130 years later, scientists are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/phobos_in_colour_close-up2\/17881549-2-eng-GB\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Phobos in colour, close-up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2064,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions\/2064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}