{"id":909,"date":"2004-11-19T08:41:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T07:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_astronauts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:38","slug":"esa_astronauts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/esa_astronauts\/","title":{"rendered":"Az ESA \u0171rhaj\u00f3sai"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00f6bb mint 30 \u00e9ve \u00e9lvezik az eur\u00f3paiak az \u0171rkutat\u00e1s csod\u00e1it. A korai \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt volt Vlagyimir Remek (Csehszlov\u00e1kia), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Lengyelorsz\u00e1g) \u00e9s Sigmund J\u00e4hn (Kelet-N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g). Mindannyian egyhetes l\u00e1togat\u00e1sra rep\u00fcltek a szovjet Szaljut 6 \u0171r\u00e1llom\u00e1sra.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1978 \u00f3ta 52 \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt sor, amelyeken az ESA tag\u00e1llamaib\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 33 \u0171rhaj\u00f3s vett r\u00e9szt. Az els\u0151 h\u00e1rom kiv\u00e1lasztott ESA-\u0171rhaj\u00f3s Ulf Merbold (N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g), Wubbo Ockels (Hollandia) \u00e9s Claude Nicollier (Sv\u00e1jc) volt.<\/p>\n

Merbold rep\u00fclt el\u0151sz\u00f6r 1983-ban. R\u00e9szt vett az STS-9 \u0171rsikl\u00f3-k\u00fcldet\u00e9sben, amely az ESA Spacelabj\u00e1nak els\u0151 rep\u00fcl\u00e9se volt. Ockels k\u00e9t \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb rep\u00fclt az \u0171rsikl\u00f3val. Claude Nicolliernek 14 \u00e9vet kellett v\u00e1rnia els\u0151 rep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re (az 1992-es STS-46-os k\u00fcldet\u00e9sre), de v\u00e9g\u00fcl n\u00e9gy \u0171rutaz\u00e1st hajtott v\u00e9gre \u2013 t\u00f6bbet, mint b\u00e1rmelyik m\u00e1sik ESA-\u0171rhaj\u00f3s.<\/p>\n

Az ESA \u0171rhaj\u00f3s\u00e1llom\u00e1ny\u00e1t 1998-ban hozt\u00e1k l\u00e9tre. Jelenleg 14 ESA-\u0171rhaj\u00f3s tartozik hozz\u00e1: n\u00e9gy Olaszorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l, h\u00e1rom Franciaorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l, kett\u0151 N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l, egy Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l, egy Belgiumb\u00f3l, egy Hollandi\u00e1b\u00f3l, egy D\u00e1ni\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9s egy az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gb\u00f3l. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck hatot 2009-ben v\u00e1lasztottak ki.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For more than 30 years, Europeans have been enjoying the wonders of space travel. The early pioneers were Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Poland) and Sigmund J\u00e4hn (East Germany). They […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/10\/the_european_astronaut_corps2\/17902086-2-eng-GB\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The European Astronaut Corps","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - J-L. Atteleyn","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/10\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2052,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions\/2052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}