{"id":841,"date":"2004-12-02T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/expendable_or_reusable\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:53","slug":"expendable_or_reusable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/expendable_or_reusable\/","title":{"rendered":"Egyszer haszn\u00e1latos vagy \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Valah\u00e1nyszor az eur\u00f3pai Ariane 5 kil\u0151 Kourou-b\u00f3l, a rak\u00e9ta fokozatai az \u00f3ce\u00e1nba zuhannak, vagy a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben el\u00e9gnek. Az Ariane 5-h\u00f6z hasonl\u00f3 hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9t\u00e1kat \u2018egyszer haszn\u00e1latosnak\u2019 nevezik.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Hullad\u00e9knak \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gesnek t\u0171nik, ha minden ind\u00edt\u00e1skor eldobnak egy rak\u00e9t\u00e1t. A k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket azonban a rak\u00e9t\u00e1k sorozatgy\u00e1rt\u00e1s\u00e1val siker\u00fcl alacsonyan tartani. Ezeket fut\u00f3szalagon gy\u00e1rtj\u00e1k \u2013 hasonl\u00f3an a dr\u00e1ga aut\u00f3khoz.<\/p>\n

Az eldobhat\u00f3 rak\u00e9t\u00e1k is nagyon megb\u00edzhat\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1lhatnak. Ha egy ilyen rak\u00e9ta ind\u00edt\u00e1s k\u00f6zben meghib\u00e1sodik, viszonylag k\u00f6nny\u0171 kider\u00edteni, mi volt a hiba, \u00e9s kijav\u00edtani azt.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e1sik megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s egy \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9ta meg\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se. Eddig az egyetlen ilyen j\u00e1rm\u0171 az amerikai \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p volt.<\/p>\n

A Shuttle \u0171rsikl\u00f3 legt\u00f6bb alkatr\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00fagy tervezt\u00e9k, hogy ak\u00e1r 100-szor is rep\u00fclhessen. A Shuttle szil\u00e1rd hajt\u00f3anyag\u00fa seg\u00e9drak\u00e9t\u00e1i is \u00fajrahasznos\u00edthat\u00f3k sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n. Csak a k\u00fcls\u0151 \u00fczemanyagtart\u00e1lyt dobj\u00e1k el minden alkalommal.<\/p>\n

A Shuttle gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa \u00e9s \u00fczemeltet\u00e9se azonban rendk\u00edv\u00fcl k\u00f6lts\u00e9ges. Ez els\u0151sorban annak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, hogy a j\u00e1rm\u0171vet \u00fagy tervezt\u00e9k, hogy ak\u00e1r h\u00e9tf\u0151s leg\u00e9nys\u00e9get is sz\u00e1ll\u00edthasson. Emellett k\u00e9pesnek kell lennie arra is, hogy ellen\u00e1lljon a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rbe val\u00f3 visszat\u00e9r\u00e9skor fell\u00e9p\u0151 rendk\u00edv\u00fcli h\u0151hat\u00e1snak, \u00e9s kifut\u00f3p\u00e1ly\u00e1n landoljon. Jelenleg nincs tervben m\u00e1s \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9ta, b\u00e1r az ilyen j\u00e1rm\u0171vekkel kapcsolatos kutat\u00e1sok tov\u00e1bbra is folynak.<\/p>\n

Az ESA mindk\u00e9t megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st alaposan meg fogja vizsg\u00e1lni, hogy v\u00e9g\u00fcl d\u00f6nt\u00e9s sz\u00fclethessen az Ariane 5 ut\u00f3dj\u00e1r\u00f3l.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every time Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 lifts off from Kourou, its rocket stages fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere. Launchers such as Ariane 5 are said to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/atmospheric_re-entry_demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2\/17866009-3-eng-GB\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Atmospheric Re-entry Demonstrator - artist's impression","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=841"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}