{"id":838,"date":"2004-12-02T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spaceplanes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"spaceplanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/spaceplanes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0170rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Az \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u0171rhaj\u00f3k ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s rep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re sz\u00e1mos m\u00f3dszer l\u00e9tezik.<\/p>\n

Az \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p a saj\u00e1t hajt\u00f3m\u0171veit \u00e9s k\u00e9t nagy teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 szil\u00e1rd-\u00fczemanyag\u00fa seg\u00e9drak\u00e9t\u00e1t haszn\u00e1l a felsz\u00e1ll\u00e1shoz. Ezt n\u00e9ha \u2018egyfokozat\u00fa p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00e1snak\u2019 nevezik.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

A Space Shuttle-t\u00edpus\u00fa \u0171rhaj\u00f3k egyik probl\u00e9m\u00e1ja az \u00fczemanyag \u00e9s a rak\u00e9tahajt\u00f3m\u0171vek \u00e1ltal okozott t\u00f6megn\u00f6veked\u00e9s. Ennek ellen\u00e9re a Shuttle-nek vitorl\u00e1z\u00f3rep\u00fcl\u0151k\u00e9nt kell visszat\u00e9rnie a F\u00f6ldre. Nincsenek sug\u00e1rhajt\u00f3m\u0171vei, \u00edgy ha elv\u00e9ti a kifut\u00f3p\u00e1ly\u00e1t, nem tud k\u00f6rberep\u00fclni egy m\u00e1sodik k\u00eds\u00e9rletre.<\/p>\n

Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3 m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9nek egyik m\u00f3dja az, hogy az \u00fat egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u201eh\u00e1ts\u00f3 \u00fcl\u00e9sen\u201d teszi meg. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy nagy rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p 10 km magass\u00e1gig sz\u00e1ll\u00edthat egy \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pet. Amint az \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p a l\u00e9gk\u00f6r nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t maga m\u00f6g\u00f6tt hagyta, elengedik.<\/p>\n

Lehets\u00e9ges tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 rak\u00e9t\u00e1val \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u0171reszk\u00f6zt is p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtani. Az 1990-es \u00e9vek elej\u00e9n az ESA megvizsg\u00e1lta egy Hermes nev\u0171 kis \u0171rrep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p Ariane-5 hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9ta tetej\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A s\u00falycs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s egy m\u00e1sik m\u00f3dja az lehet, ha olyan \u00faj gener\u00e1ci\u00f3s hajt\u00f3m\u0171veket alkalmaznak, amelyek a felsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s els\u0151 szakasz\u00e1ban a l\u00e9gk\u00f6r leveg\u0151j\u00e9t haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k fel. Csak akkor v\u00e1ltana \u00e1t a j\u00e1rm\u0171 a fed\u00e9lzeti oxig\u00e9nt felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 rak\u00e9tahajt\u00e1sra, amikor el\u00e9ri az \u0171rteret. Az ilyen hajt\u00f3m\u0171vek megval\u00f3sul\u00e1s\u00e1ig azonban m\u00e9g sok \u00e9v van h\u00e1tra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are various ways to launch and fly reusable spacecraft. The Space Shuttle uses its own engines, together with two powerful solid rocket boosters, to get off the ground. This […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/future_launchers5\/18249547-2-eng-GB\/Future_launchers.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-C. VIJOUX","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Future_launchers5","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1981,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/1981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}