{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mindenf\u00e9le forma \u00e9s m\u00e9ret"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3 olyan g\u00e9p, amelyet az \u0171rbe juttat\u00e1sra terveztek. Haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a F\u00f6ld megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9re, kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3ra, navig\u00e1ci\u00f3ra \u00e9s az \u0171rkutat\u00e1sra. Vannak olyan \u0171rhaj\u00f3k is, amelyek embereket sz\u00e1ll\u00edtanak az \u0171rbe \u2013 ezeket \u2018emberes \u0171rhaj\u00f3knak\u2019 nevezik \u2013, valamint olyanok is, amelyek az \u0171r\u00e1llom\u00e1sokhoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges ell\u00e1tm\u00e1nyt sz\u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Mivel az \u0171rben nincs leveg\u0151, az \u0171rhaj\u00f3 alakja gyakorlatilag tetsz\u0151leges lehet. A m\u00e9ret jelent nagyobb probl\u00e9m\u00e1t. Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3nak be kell f\u00e9rnie a rak\u00e9ta burkolat\u00e1ba, \u00e9s a rak\u00e9t\u00e1nak elegend\u0151 er\u0151vel kell rendelkeznie ahhoz, hogy p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtsa. A vil\u00e1g els\u0151 m\u0171holdja, a Szputnyik, 83,6 kg-ot nyomott, \u00e9s nem volt nagyobb egy kos\u00e1rlabd\u00e1n\u00e1l. Ma a t\u00e1vk\u00f6zl\u00e9si m\u0171holdak s\u00falya meghaladhatja a 6 tonn\u00e1t (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Az \u0171r\u00e1llom\u00e1sok \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez haszn\u00e1lt modulok m\u00e9g nagyobbak. Az ESA 20 tonn\u00e1s ATV-je (Automated Transfer Vehicle) ak\u00e1r 9 tonna rakom\u00e1nyt \u00e9s k\u00eds\u00e9rleti berendez\u00e9seket is el tud sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani a Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1sra.<\/p>\n

Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3 alakja els\u0151sorban att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg, hogy forog-e az \u0171rben vagy sem.<\/p>\n

Egyes m\u0171holdak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Meteosat, forognak \u00e9s henger alak\u00faak. A mai m\u0171holdak t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge doboz alak\u00fa \u00e9s nem forog. A fed\u00e9lzet\u00fck\u00f6n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 m\u0171szerek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a kamer\u00e1k, legt\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r ugyanabba az ir\u00e1nyba n\u00e9znek.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9h\u00e1nyuk nagy napelemes \u2018sz\u00e1rnyakat\u2019 (a napf\u00e9nyt villamos energi\u00e1v\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00f3 napelemeket) hordoz, amelyek \u00fagy forognak, hogy mindig a Nap fel\u00e9 legyenek ir\u00e1ny\u00edtva. A kis m\u0171holdak gyakran n\u00e9gy oldalukon lapos napelemekkel rendelkeznek.<\/p>\n

A lesz\u00e1ll\u00f3egys\u00e9gek m\u00e1sok. Ki kell b\u00edrniuk a rendk\u00edv\u00fcli h\u0151hat\u00e1st, mik\u00f6zben nagy sebess\u00e9ggel zuhannak le a leveg\u0151ben. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az ESA Huygens szond\u00e1ja, amely a Tit\u00e1non landolt, cs\u00e9szealj alak\u00fa volt, el\u00f6l elhelyezett h\u0151pajzs\u00e1val.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}