{"id":633,"date":"2004-12-02T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/european_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:31","slug":"european_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/european_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Eur\u00f3pai rak\u00e9t\u00e1k"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

A rak\u00e9t\u00e1kat m\u0171holdak \u00e9s \u0171rsikl\u00f3k \u0171rbe juttat\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Er\u0151teljes hajt\u00f3m\u0171veik lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy az \u0171reszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket hihetetlen sebess\u00e9ggel l\u0151j\u00e9k ki az \u0171rbe, \u00e9s \u00edgy a megfelel\u0151 p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edts\u00e1k \u0151ket. Eur\u00f3pa legfontosabb rak\u00e9tacsal\u00e1dja az Ariane. 1979 \u00f3ta \u00f6t f\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa Ariane-rak\u00e9ta indult Kouroub\u00f3l, Eur\u00f3pa \u0171rkik\u00f6t\u0151j\u00e9b\u0151l, Francia Guyan\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Az Ariane-5 alapv\u00e1ltozata, az \u00fagynevezett Ariane-5 Generic, 1997-ben hajtotta v\u00e9gre els\u0151 sikeres rep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ind\u00edt\u00e1skor 750 tonn\u00e1t nyomott. K\u00e9t, \u00f6sszesen t\u00f6bb mint hat tonn\u00e1s m\u0171holdat tudott p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtani.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e1s orsz\u00e1gok nagy hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9t\u00e1ival val\u00f3 versenyben er\u0151sebb Ariane-5-\u00f6s v\u00e1ltozatokat fejlesztettek ki. Az Ariane-5 ECA ak\u00e1r 10 tonn\u00e1t is k\u00e9pes p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtani, \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151ben enn\u00e9l is t\u00f6bbet fog sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani. Egy m\u00e1sik v\u00e1ltozat, az Ariane-5 ES, a 19 tonn\u00e1s automatiz\u00e1lt transzferj\u00e1rm\u0171veket (ATV-ket) viszi alacsony F\u00f6ld k\u00f6r\u00fcli p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra, ahonnan \u00fatjuk a Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1s (ISS) fel\u00e9 indul.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1r a t\u00e1vk\u00f6zl\u00e9si m\u0171holdak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egyre nagyobbak, tov\u00e1bbra is sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van kis m\u00e9ret\u0171 hordoz\u00f3rak\u00e9t\u00e1kra m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa m\u0171holdak p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Eur\u00f3pa \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt, hogy meg\u00e9p\u00edti saj\u00e1t, alacsony k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u0171, szil\u00e1rd hajt\u00f3anyag\u00fa rak\u00e9t\u00e1j\u00e1t, a Vega-t. Ez a rak\u00e9ta 300\u20132000 kg t\u00f6meg\u0171 m\u0171holdakat k\u00e9pes k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 p\u00e1ly\u00e1kra \u00e1ll\u00edtani. A Vega els\u0151 ind\u00edt\u00e1sa Kourou-b\u00f3l 2012. febru\u00e1r 13-\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pa emellett meg\u00e1llapodott Oroszorsz\u00e1ggal abban, hogy a Szojuz rak\u00e9t\u00e1kat Kourou-b\u00f3l ind\u00edts\u00e1k. Az els\u0151 d\u00e9l-amerikai Szojuz-ind\u00edt\u00e1sra 2011. okt\u00f3ber 21-\u00e9n ker\u00fclt sor. A Szojuz egy k\u00f6zepes m\u00e9ret\u0171 rak\u00e9ta, amelyet Oroszorsz\u00e1g m\u00e1r \u00e9vek \u00f3ta sikeresen haszn\u00e1l. Az ESA m\u0171holdjait, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Clustert \u00e9s a Mars Expresset kor\u00e1bban a kazahszt\u00e1ni Bajkonur \u0171rkik\u00f6t\u0151b\u0151l ind\u00edtott\u00e1k Szojuz rak\u00e9t\u00e1kkal. Bajkonurb\u00f3l ind\u00edtj\u00e1k az ISS-re tart\u00f3 leg\u00e9nys\u00e9ges k\u00fcldet\u00e9seket is.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rockets are used to launch satellites and Space Shuttles into space. Their powerful engines allow spacecraft to be blasted into space at incredible speeds, putting them into the correct orbit. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/artist_s_impression_of_an_ariane_5_eca2\/17864677-3-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}