{"id":50,"date":"2004-11-19T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_international_space_station\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:23:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:23:33","slug":"the_international_space_station","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/the_international_space_station\/","title":{"rendered":"A Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>A Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1s (ISS) a valaha az \u0171rbe juttatott legnagyobb t\u00e1rgy, \u00e9s gyakran l\u00e1that\u00f3 a F\u00f6ldr\u0151l is! \u00c1tlagosan 28 800 km\/h sebess\u00e9ggel kering a F\u00f6ld k\u00f6r\u00fcl, naponta 16 k\u00f6rt t\u00e9ve meg, mik\u00f6zben k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 400 kilom\u00e9terrel a fej\u00fcnk felett halad el. 15 orsz\u00e1g, k\u00f6zt\u00fck az USA, Oroszorsz\u00e1g, Jap\u00e1n, Kanada \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos ESA-tag\u00e1llam m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt egy\u00fctt az \u00e1llom\u00e1s meg\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben. 1998-as fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se \u00f3ta t\u00f6bb mint 250 ember l\u00e1togatta meg az ISS-t t\u00f6bb mint 20 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 orsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Az ISS legnagyobb r\u00e9sz\u00e9t egy hossz\u00fa, k\u00f6zponti gerenda alkotja, amelyet \u201etruss\u201d-nak neveznek, \u00e9s amelyhez 8 hatalmas napelem-sz\u00e1rny (mindegyik k\u00e9t napelemmel) van r\u00f6gz\u00edtve, amelyek az \u00e1llom\u00e1s \u00e1ramell\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1t biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k. Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok lak\u00f3- \u00e9s munkamoduljai a truss k\u00f6zep\u00e9hez vannak r\u00f6gz\u00edtve. Eur\u00f3pa legnagyobb ISS-projektje a Columbus tudom\u00e1nyos laborat\u00f3rium, ahol az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok s\u00falytalans\u00e1gban v\u00e9gezhetnek tudom\u00e1nyos k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket. Sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00eds\u00e9rletet lehet v\u00e9grehajtani ennek az \u0171rlaborat\u00f3riumnak mind a belsej\u00e9ben, mind a k\u00fclsej\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<p>Az ESA gy\u00e1rtotta az Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) \u0171rhaj\u00f3t is, egy olyan, leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u0171rhaj\u00f3-sorozatot, amely p\u00f3talkatr\u00e9szeket, valamint \u00e9lelmiszert, leveg\u0151t \u00e9s vizet sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott az ISS-hez. A teher\u0171rhaj\u00f3 2008 \u00e9s 2014 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott \u00e9lelmiszert, \u00fczemanyagot, felszerel\u00e9st \u00e9s egy\u00e9b ell\u00e1tm\u00e1nyt.<\/p>\n<p>Az ESA \u201eAdvanced Closed Loop System\u201d (ACLS) rendszere az ISS fontos alkot\u00f3eleme, mivel seg\u00edt az \u0171rhaj\u00f3soknak a l\u00e9gz\u00e9sben az\u00e1ltal, hogy az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok \u00e1ltal kil\u00e9legzett sz\u00e9n-dioxidot oxig\u00e9nn\u00e9 alak\u00edtja \u00e1t! Sok \u00e9ven \u00e1t az oxig\u00e9nt a F\u00f6ldr\u0151l sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott v\u00edzb\u0151l (amely hidrog\u00e9nb\u0151l \u00e9s oxig\u00e9nb\u0151l \u00e1ll) \u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k el\u0151. De ezzel az \u00faj rendszerrel az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok \u00e9vente annyi vizet takar\u00edthatnak meg, amennyi egy nagy f\u00fcrd\u0151k\u00e1dat megt\u00f6ltene (\u00e9s rengeteg p\u00e9nzt is megtakar\u00edthatnak)! Ez a rendszer rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fontos a j\u00f6v\u0151beli Holdra \u00e9s Marsra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 \u0171rmisszi\u00f3k szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l, mivel seg\u00edt az \u0171rhaj\u00f3soknak abban, hogy hosszabb ideig \u00e9ljenek az \u0171rben an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy annyi ell\u00e1tm\u00e1nyra lenne sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fck a F\u00f6ldr\u0151l.<\/p>\n<p>Miut\u00e1n az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok meg\u00e9rkeznek az ISS-re, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl hat h\u00f3napot t\u00f6ltenek ott, tudom\u00e1nyos k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket v\u00e9geznek \u00e9s gondoskodnak az \u0171r\u00e1llom\u00e1sr\u00f3l. Az ISS lak\u00f3ter\u00fclete nagyobb, mint egy \u00e1tlagos hat h\u00e1l\u00f3szob\u00e1s h\u00e1z\u00e9, \u00e9s mag\u00e1ban foglalja a h\u00e1l\u00f3szob\u00e1kat, a f\u00fcrd\u0151szob\u00e1kat, egy edz\u0151termet, valamint egy speci\u00e1lis, az ESA \u00e1ltal \u00e9p\u00edtett ablakot, a Cupol\u00e1t, amelyb\u0151l az \u0171rhaj\u00f3sok 360 fokos kil\u00e1t\u00e1st \u00e9lvezhetnek a F\u00f6ldre.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video\"><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8wtWvZczOx4?si=iJEk0sjpxGMn0Ac9\" title=\"YouTube-videolej\u00e1tsz\u00f3\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p>\u00d6sszesen t\u00f6bb mint 3 600 kutat\u00f3 v\u00e9gzett t\u00f6bb mint 2 500 k\u00eds\u00e9rletet az ISS fed\u00e9lzet\u00e9n. Az \u0171rhaj\u00f3soknak van egy kis szabad idej\u00fck is, hogy kin\u00e9zzenek az ablakon, besz\u00e9lgessenek a csal\u00e1djukkal, \u00e9s hobbijaikkal foglalkozzanak!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Space Station (ISS) is the biggest object ever flown into space and can often be seen from Earth! It travels around the Earth at an average speed of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/02\/international_space_station\/17901087-2-eng-GB\/International_Space_Station.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/02\/International_Space_Station","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,27],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-space-stations","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1193,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions\/1193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}