{"id":311,"date":"2011-01-25T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-25T14:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellites\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:26:43","slug":"satellites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0171holdak"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

A csillag\u00e1szatban a m\u0171hold olyan \u00e9gitest, amely egy bolyg\u00f3 k\u00f6r\u00fcl kering. Naprendszer\u00fcnkben t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z term\u00e9szetes m\u0171hold, vagyis hold tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. 1957 \u00f3ta t\u00f6bb ezer mesters\u00e9ges (ember \u00e1ltal k\u00e9sz\u00edtett) m\u0171holdat is p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtottak. Ezeknek sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si ter\u00fclet\u00fck van, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a Nap, a F\u00f6ld \u00e9s m\u00e1s bolyg\u00f3k f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pez\u00e9se, valamint az \u0171r m\u00e9ly\u00e9be val\u00f3 betekint\u00e9s fekete lyukak, t\u00e1voli csillagok \u00e9s galaxisok megfigyel\u00e9se c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Vannak tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 t\u00e1vk\u00f6zl\u00e9si m\u0171holdak, meteorol\u00f3giai m\u0171holdak \u00e9s a Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1s is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Az els\u0151 mesters\u00e9ges m\u0171holdat, a Szputnyik 1-et 1957-ben ind\u00edtott\u00e1k \u00fatj\u00e1ra. Nagyon egyszer\u0171 szerkezet\u0171 volt. Egy kis alum\u00edniumg\u00f6mb, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl akkora, mint egy strandlabda, n\u00e9gy hossz\u00fa antenn\u00e1val, amelyet elemek t\u00e1pl\u00e1ltak. A Szputnyik belsej\u00e9ben r\u00e1di\u00f3ad\u00f3k voltak, amelyek jellegzetes \u201ebip-bip\u201d hangot bocs\u00e1tottak ki, amit az eg\u00e9sz vil\u00e1gon hallottak. Ennek a kicsi \u00e9s egyszer\u0171 m\u0171holdnak a kil\u00f6v\u00e9se jel\u00f6lte az \u0171rkor kezdet\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A modern m\u0171holdak sokkal bonyolultabbak. A legt\u00f6bb m\u0171holdat \u00fagy tervezik, hogy a lehet\u0151 leger\u0151sebb \u00e9s legk\u00f6nnyebb legyen. Gy\u00e1rt\u00e1suk ugyanazon az alapmodell alapj\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A \u201ebusz\u201d nev\u0171 platform tartalmazza az \u00f6sszes f\u0151 rendszert, bele\u00e9rtve az akkumul\u00e1torokat, a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet \u00e9s a hajt\u00f3m\u0171veket. A buszhoz antenn\u00e1k, napelemek \u00e9s hasznos teherk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u0171szerek (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kamer\u00e1k, t\u00e1vcs\u00f6vek \u00e9s kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s berendez\u00e9sek) kapcsol\u00f3dnak.<\/p>\n

A m\u0171holdaknak saj\u00e1t maguknak kell biztos\u00edtaniuk az \u00e1ramell\u00e1t\u00e1sukat. Ez \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban f\u00e9ny\u00e9rz\u00e9keny napelemekkel bor\u00edtott nagy napelem-t\u00e1bl\u00e1k (sz\u00e1rnyak) seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A napelem-t\u00e1bl\u00e1k t\u00f6bb m\u00e9ter hossz\u00faak, \u00e9s ind\u00edt\u00e1skor \u00f6ssze kell hajtani \u0151ket. A napelemek t\u00f6bb kilowatt teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt ny\u00fajtanak, b\u00e1r az id\u0151 el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val hat\u00e9konys\u00e1guk cs\u00f6kken. A legt\u00f6bb panel elforgathat\u00f3, \u00edgy a lehet\u0151 legt\u00f6bb napf\u00e9nyt tudj\u00e1k befogni. Amikor a m\u0171hold \u00e1rny\u00e9kba ker\u00fcl, energi\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00fajrat\u00f6lthet\u0151 akkumul\u00e1torokb\u00f3l nyeri.<\/p>\n

A m\u0171hold Nap fel\u00e9 n\u00e9z\u0151 oldala nagyon felmelegszik, m\u00edg az \u00e1rny\u00e9kban l\u00e9v\u0151 oldala nagyon leh\u0171l. Ez probl\u00e9m\u00e1t jelent, mivel a m\u0171holdak berendez\u00e9seinek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge \u00e9rz\u00e9keny a sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges h\u0151re vagy hidegre. A m\u0171szerek v\u00e9delm\u00e9re t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt olyan r\u00e9teges takar\u00f3kat haszn\u00e1lnak, amelyek alum\u00edniumf\u00f3li\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00edtanak, \u00e9s visszatartj\u00e1k a h\u0151t, valamint h\u0171t\u0151bord\u00e1kat szerelnek fel az elektromos berendez\u00e9sek h\u0151elvezet\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In astronomy, a satellite is an object that orbits (goes around) a planet. There are several hundred natural satellites, or moons, in our Solar System. Thousands of artificial (human-made) satellites […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/esa_s_artemis_satellite2\/17863937-3-eng-GB\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/J.Huart","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1454,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions\/1454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}