{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/hu\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: az ESA t\u00f6bbt\u00fckr\u00f6s r\u00f6ntgendetektora"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Az ESA XMM-Newton r\u00f6ntgenobszervat\u00f3riuma a valaha Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9p\u00edtett legnagyobb \u0171robszervat\u00f3rium. A kil\u00f6v\u00e9skor 3,8 tonn\u00e1t nyom\u00f3 \u0171reszk\u00f6z 10 m\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa, \u00e9s k\u00e9t napelem-t\u00e1bl\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je egy\u00fcttesen 16 m\u00e9ter. V\u00e9kony, aranybevonat\u00fa t\u00fckrei az univerzum minden r\u00e9sz\u00e9b\u0151l gy\u0171jtenek nagyenergi\u00e1j\u00fa r\u00f6ntgensugarakat, \u00e9rz\u00e9keny kamer\u00e1i pedig sokkal t\u00f6bbet l\u00e1tnak, mint b\u00e1rmelyik kor\u00e1bbi r\u00f6ntgenm\u0171hold.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Az XMM-Newton-t 1999. december 10-\u00e9n ind\u00edtotta \u00fatj\u00e1ra egy eur\u00f3pai Ariane 5 rak\u00e9ta. A m\u0171holdat egy szokatlan, 48 \u00f3r\u00e1s F\u00f6ld k\u00f6r\u00fcli p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra \u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k, amelynek magass\u00e1ga 7 000 km \u00e9s 114 000 km k\u00f6z\u00f6tt v\u00e1ltozott. A misszi\u00f3t eredetileg XMM n\u00e9ven ismert\u00e9k, az X-ray Multi-Mirror (t\u00f6bbt\u00fck\u00f6r\u00f6s r\u00f6ntgen) kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra utalva. A nevet k\u00e9s\u0151bb XMM-Newtonra v\u00e1ltoztatt\u00e1k, a h\u00edres brit tud\u00f3s, Sir Isaac Newton tisztelet\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1200\" data-credit=\"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/05\/Supermassive_black_hole2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/05\/supermassive_black_hole2\/17877257-2-eng-GB\/Supermassive_black_hole.jpg\" alt=\"Supermassive black hole\"><\/figure>\n<p>B\u00e1r eredeti k\u00fcldet\u00e9se k\u00e9t \u00e9vre sz\u00f3lt, az XMM-Newton m\u00e9g mindig kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1llapotban van. Ez a figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 obszervat\u00f3rium mindenf\u00e9le \u00e9gitestet tanulm\u00e1nyozott, a Naprendszer\u00fcnkben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00fcst\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6kt\u0151l \u00e9s bolyg\u00f3kt\u00f3l kezdve eg\u00e9szen a szupermassz\u00edv fekete lyukakig \u00e9s a vil\u00e1gegyetem t\u00e1voli zugaiban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 robban\u00f3 csillagokig. 14 \u00e9ves m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se sor\u00e1n t\u00f6bb mint f\u00e9lmilli\u00f3 r\u00f6ntgenforr\u00e1st \u00e9szlelt, ami k\u00e9tszerese a kor\u00e1bban ismert sz\u00e1mnak.<\/p>\n<p>Ezeket a felfedez\u00e9seket az obszervat\u00f3rium korszer\u0171 kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa tette lehet\u0151v\u00e9. Mivel a r\u00f6ntgensugarak egyenesen \u00e1thatolnak a hagyom\u00e1nyos t\u00fckr\u00f6k\u00f6n, az XMM h\u00e1rom hord\u00f3 alak\u00fa t\u00e1vcs\u00f6ve mindegyike 58 egym\u00e1sba illesztett \u00edvelt t\u00fck\u00f6rb\u0151l \u00e1ll. A be\u00e9rkez\u0151 r\u00f6ntgensugarak leperegnek ezeknek a t\u00fckr\u00f6knek a fel\u00fclet\u00e9r\u0151l, \u00edgy v\u00e9g\u00fcl k\u00e9tf\u00e9le, CCD-\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151kkel (amelyek a digit\u00e1lis f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pez\u0151g\u00e9pekben is megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k) felszerelt m\u0171szerre f\u00f3kusz\u00e1l\u00f3dnak. Egy optikai kamera seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a csillag\u00e1szok pontosan meghat\u00e1rozhatj\u00e1k c\u00e9lpontjaikat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESA&#8217;s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. 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