{"id":991,"date":"2006-10-03T09:01:00","date_gmt":"2006-10-03T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/record_ozone_loss_over_south_pole\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:36","slug":"record_ozone_loss_over_south_pole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/record_ozone_loss_over_south_pole\/","title":{"rendered":"Perte d'ozone record au p\u00f4le Sud"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Depuis 1985, les scientifiques contr\u00f4lent le trou de la couche d'ozone, au-dessus de l'Antarctique. On avait esp\u00e9r\u00e9 voir le trou r\u00e9tr\u00e9cir progressivement, mais les nouvelles donn\u00e9es transmises par le satellite Envisat de l'ESA ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la plus forte perte d'ozone jamais enregistr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les mesures effectu\u00e9es le 2 octobre affichaient une perte de quelque 40 millions de tonnes, battant le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent record enregistr\u00e9 en 2000. En outre, le trou de la couche d'ozone cette ann\u00e9e s'\u00e9tendait sur 28 millions de km carr\u00e9, soit une superficie presque aussi grande qu'en 2000. La profondeur du trou d'ozone d\u00e9passe \u00e9galement les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes donn\u00e9es record.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Une perte d\u2019ozone aussi importante n\u00e9cessite des temp\u00e9ratures tr\u00e8s basses dans la stratosph\u00e8re, associ\u00e9es au rayonnement solaire \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Claus Zehner, scientifique \u00e0 l\u2019ESA. \u201c La perte extr\u00eame d\u2019ozone observ\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e s\u2019explique par le fait que les temp\u00e9ratures au-dessus de l\u2019Antarctique ont atteint environ moins 92 degr\u00e9s Celsius \u2013 la plus basse valeur enregistr\u00e9e dans cette r\u00e9gion depuis 1979. \u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"KNMI\/TEMIS\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/10\/Ozone_loss_over_the_South_Pole2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/10\/ozone_loss_over_the_south_pole2\/17906643-2-eng-GB\/Ozone_loss_over_the_South_Pole.gif\" alt=\"Ozone loss over the South Pole\"><figcaption>Appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone au-dessus du p\u00f4le Sud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L'ozone est un type de gaz oxyg\u00e8ne. Il forme une couche \u00e0 25 \u2013 40 km au-dessus de la Terre dans une r\u00e9gion appel\u00e9e la stratosph\u00e8re. La couche d'ozone est importante car elle bloque les rayons n\u00e9fastes ultraviolets du Soleil. Ces rayons augmentent les risques de cancer de la peau et de cataracte oculaire et ont un effet nuisible pour la faune et la flore marines.<\/p>\n<p>La diminution de la couche d'ozone est caus\u00e9e par les polluants des \u00eatres humains, comme le chlore, qui restent dans l'atmosph\u00e8re pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Avec l'arriv\u00e9e du printemps polaire, la lumi\u00e8re solaire lib\u00e8re le chlore retenu dans les nuages sup\u00e9rieurs. Le chlore d\u00e9truit ensuite rapidement l'ozone.<\/p>\n<p>Le trou dure g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement jusqu'en novembre ou d\u00e9cembre, lorsque l'air pauvre en ozone au-dessus de l'Antarctique commence \u00e0 se m\u00e9langer avec l'air riche en ozone de l'ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since 1985, scientists have been monitoring a hole in the ozone layer, high above Antarctica. It had been hoped that the ozone hole will gradually shrink, but new results from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/10\/2006_ozone_hole2\/18249140-2-eng-GB\/2006_ozone_hole.gif","esa_banner_description":"2006 ozone hole","esa_banner_credit":"KNMI\/TEMIS","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/10\/2006_ozone_hole2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[64,42,10],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change","category-earth","category-learn"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=991"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4782,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991\/revisions\/4782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}