{"id":985,"date":"2005-09-09T10:02:00","date_gmt":"2005-09-09T08:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/swollen_ozone_hole_over_south_pole\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:32","slug":"swollen_ozone_hole_over_south_pole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/swollen_ozone_hole_over_south_pole\/","title":{"rendered":"Le trou d'ozone au-dessus du P\u00f4le Sud s'est \u00e9largi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Au-dessus du continent glac\u00e9 de l'Antarctique, le satellite Envisat de l'ESA surveille la situation \u2013 et ce que ses instruments observent est plut\u00f4t inqui\u00e9tant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les temp\u00e9ratures glaciales associ\u00e9es aux produits chimiques produits par l'homme cr\u00e9ent un 'trou' dans la couche d'ozone. Et cette ann\u00e9e, le trou d'ozone semble atteindre une taille record.<\/p>\n

Mi-ao\u00fbt 2005, le trou s'\u00e9tendait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur 10 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s \u2013 environ la superficie de l'Europe. Et on s'attend \u00e0 ce qu'il augmente encore durant le mois de septembre.<\/p>\n

Le trou d'ozone a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert pour la premi\u00e8re fois au milieu des ann\u00e9es 80 et les satellites de l'ESA l\u2019\u00e9tudient en permanence depuis 1995. Leurs enregistrements indiquent qu'une telle taille \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pass\u00e9e qu\u2019en 1996 et en 2000.<\/p>\n

\"ESA's
Le satellite environnemental Envisat de l'ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L'ozone est une forme de l'oxyg\u00e8ne. De petites quantit\u00e9s d'ozone sont pr\u00e9sentes dans la stratosph\u00e8re entre 20 et 50 km d'altitude.<\/p>\n

Fort heureusement, la couche d'ozone nous prot\u00e8ge du rayonnement ultraviolet du soleil susceptible de provoquer des cancers de la peau. Mais les r\u00e9actions chimiques impliquant le chlore produit par l'homme et survenant dans les nuages de haute altitude provoquent la destruction de l'ozone.<\/p>\n

Lorsque le printemps polaire arrive, la lumi\u00e8re du soleil \u2013 qui r\u00e9appara\u00eet \u2013 associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la chimie du chlore provoque la fission des mol\u00e9cules d'ozone en oxyg\u00e8ne. Une seule mol\u00e9cule de chlore a le potentiel de briser des milliers de mol\u00e9cules d\u2019ozone.<\/p>\n

Les informations relev\u00e9es par Envisat sont vitales pour la surveillance des modifications saisonni\u00e8res dans cette couche de protection. Les donn\u00e9es satellite alimentent quasiment en temps r\u00e9el le service de surveillance et de pr\u00e9vision compos\u00e9 de plus de 30 partenaires \u00e0 travers 11 pays.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

High above the icy continent of Antarctica, ESA\u2019s Envisat spacecraft is keeping watch – and what its instruments see is rather disturbing. Freezing temperatures and man-made chemicals are combining to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/09\/ozone_forecast_for_9_september2\/17880735-2-eng-GB\/Ozone_forecast_for_9_September.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Ozone forecast for 9 September","esa_banner_credit":"KNMI\/ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/09\/Ozone_forecast_for_9_September2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4777,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions\/4777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}