{"id":984,"date":"2005-05-10T10:58:00","date_gmt":"2005-05-10T08:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellites_study_deadly_dust_storms\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:31","slug":"satellites_study_deadly_dust_storms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/satellites_study_deadly_dust_storms\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand les satellites \u00e9tudient les temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re mortelles"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>La poussi\u00e8re est une grande voyageuse. Il n'est pas rare qu'un petit grain de poussi\u00e8re provenant du d\u00e9sert saharien en Afrique, se retrouve \u00e0 des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres de l\u00e0 sur des voitures en stationnement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mais la poussi\u00e8re peut tuer. Sur les terres arides situ\u00e9es en bordure du Sahara (le Sahel), 300 millions de personnes sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une maladie mortelle appel\u00e9e la m\u00e9ningite.<\/p>\n<p>La maladie provoque une inflammation du cerveau et des membranes qui entourent la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re. Ceux que la maladie ne tue pas peuvent \u00eatre atteints de surdit\u00e9 et souffrir de l\u00e9sions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de m\u00e9ningite surviennent apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode sans pluie, marqu\u00e9e par une faible humidit\u00e9 et une forte concentration de poussi\u00e8re dans l'air \u201d, a expliqu\u00e9 Isabelle Jeanne, du Centre de recherche m\u00e9dicale et sanitaire du Niger.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2241\" data-credit=\"ESA 2003\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/07\/Dust_blown_from_the_Western_Sahara_towards_the_Canary_Islands2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/07\/dust_blown_from_the_western_sahara_towards_the_canary_islands2\/17890688-2-eng-GB\/Dust_blown_from_the_Western_Sahara_towards_the_Canary_Islands.jpg\" alt=\"Dust blown from the Western Sahara towards the Canary Islands\"><figcaption>Poussi\u00e8re emport\u00e9e par le vent depuis le Sahara occidental vers les \u00eeles Canaries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le lien exact n'a cependant pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9. Selon une th\u00e9orie, le vent transporte des poussi\u00e8res aussi fines que du talc, lesquelles provoquent des irritations \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du nez. Les bact\u00e9ries peuvent ainsi p\u00e9n\u00e9trer plus facilement dans le syst\u00e8me sanguin.<\/p>\n<p>L'ESA aide les scientifiques \u00e0 \u00e9tudier et \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de m\u00e9ningite. L'objectif est d'en savoir plus sur ces \u00e9pid\u00e9mies mortelles qui surviennent souvent apr\u00e8s l'arriv\u00e9e de la poussi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs se servent des images satellite pour rep\u00e9rer les \u00e9normes temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re qui balayent le Sahel. Lors de la derni\u00e8re saison s\u00e8che, l'ESA a, dans le cadre d'un syst\u00e8me d'alerte avanc\u00e9, fourni chaque semaine des cartes r\u00e9pertoriant l\u2019emplacement des poussi\u00e8res. Les cartes du Sahel se basent sur les images prises chaque jour par Meteosat-7, le satellite m\u00e9t\u00e9o construit par l'ESA.<\/p>\n<p>L'\u00e9tape suivante consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tudier les images prises au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, afin de trouver des liens entre les temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re et les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de m\u00e9ningite.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dust is a great traveller. It is not uncommon for a fine coating of dust from Africa\u2019s Sahara desert to settle on parked cars thousands of kilometres away. But dust [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/05\/a_dust_storm_as_seen_by_msg-12\/17898495-2-eng-GB\/A_dust_storm_as_seen_by_MSG-1.gif","esa_banner_description":"A dust storm as seen by MSG-1","esa_banner_credit":"DLR","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/05\/A_dust_storm_as_seen_by_MSG-12","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,43],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-protecting-earth"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=984"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984\/revisions\/4776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=984"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}