{"id":983,"date":"2009-07-03T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-03T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ulysses\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:30","slug":"ulysses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/ulysses\/","title":{"rendered":"Ulysse"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>L\u2019une des plus longues missions spatiales jamais entreprises prenait fin le 30 juin 2009, avec l\u2019envoi de la toute derni\u00e8re commande \u00e0 la sonde Ulysse (ESA\/NASA). Plus aucun contact n\u2019est pr\u00e9vu avec le satellite. La mission Ulysse avait \u00e9t\u00e9 baptis\u00e9e d\u2019apr\u00e8s le l\u00e9gendaire h\u00e9ros grec qui avait surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 de nombreux p\u00e9rils pendant son odyss\u00e9e de 20 ans. Lanc\u00e9 en octobre 1990, le satellite a lui aussi v\u00e9cu bien des aventures lors de son p\u00e9riple et son exploration de l\u2019inconnu aura finalement dur\u00e9 presque aussi longtemps.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pendant plus de 18 ann\u00e9es pass\u00e9es dans l\u2019espace, Ulysse a fait de nombreuses d\u00e9couvertes capitales. Lors de son survol de Jupiter en f\u00e9vrier 1992, le puissant champ gravitationnel de la plan\u00e8te avait envoy\u00e9 le satellite sur une orbite unique qui le porta bien au-dessus et au-dessous des orbites des plan\u00e8tes. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, les scientifiques pouvaient mener des \u00e9tudes approfondies sur les r\u00e9gions polaires du Soleil et leurs liens avec le vent solaire supersonique.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA (animation by C.Carreau)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Media\/Animations\/Ulysses_orbit_animation_2009\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/media\/animations\/ulysses_orbit_animation_2009\/1472-5-eng-GB\/Ulysses_orbit_animation_2009.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>La mission d\u2019Ulysse devait \u00e0 l\u2019origine prendre fin en 1995, mais la petite sonde d\u00e9vou\u00e9e avait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de continuer sur sa lanc\u00e9e, et effectua au final trois tours au-dessus des p\u00f4les du Soleil. Deux d\u2019entre eux ont eu lieu lorsque le Soleil \u00e9tait calme, tandis que la visite de 2000-2001 s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e dans des conditions violentes du Soleil.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, les r\u00e9serves d\u2019alimentation nucl\u00e9aire d\u2019Ulysse se sont \u00e9puis\u00e9es au point qu\u2019il \u00e9tait devenu difficile pour l\u2019intr\u00e9pide voyageur de fonctionner correctement. L\u2019arr\u00eat du satellite \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vu pour 2008, mais les op\u00e9rateurs ont pu \u00e9viter qu\u2019il ne g\u00e8le en effectuant un allumage des propulseurs toutes les deux heures. N\u00e9anmoins, Ulysse s\u2019\u00e9loignait de plus en plus de la Terre et \u00e0 la mi-2009, la mauvaise communication r\u00e9duisait au minimum le nombre de donn\u00e9es scientifiques transmises par le satellite. Le moment \u00e9tait venu de dire adieu \u00e0 ce pionnier de l\u2019Espace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the longest space missions ever made came to an end on 30 June 2009 when the final command was sent to the ESA\/NASA Ulysses spacecraft. Ulysses was named [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2008\/06\/artist_s_impression_of_ulysses8\/17893388-2-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_Ulysses.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Artist\u2019s impression of Ulysses","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (image by C.Carreau)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2008\/06\/Artist_s_impression_of_Ulysses8","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,35],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-the-sun","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=983"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4775,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions\/4775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}