{"id":974,"date":"2005-12-06T09:41:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-06T08:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/titan_s_wintry_wonderland\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:24","slug":"titan_s_wintry_wonderland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/titan_s_wintry_wonderland\/","title":{"rendered":"Le monde merveilleux de Titan"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Le 14 janvier 2005, la sonde Huygens de l\u2019ESA a effectu\u00e9 un atterrissage historique \u00e0 la surface de Titan, le satellite g\u00e9ant de Saturne. Aujourd\u2019hui, apr\u00e8s une analyse minutieuse des donn\u00e9es recueillies par Huygens, les scientifiques ont \u00e9lucid\u00e9 bon nombre des myst\u00e8res de cette lune de la taille d\u2019une plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pendant les 2 heures et demi de la descente, les instruments ont enregistr\u00e9 la temp\u00e9rature, la vitesse du vent et la composition de l'atmosph\u00e8re. Les donn\u00e9es r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que des vents de plus de 100 km\/heure ont d\u00e9port\u00e9 Huygens vers l'Est pendant sa descente. Toutefois, \u00e0 mesure que la sonde descendait dans l'\u00e9pais brouillard orange, la temp\u00e9rature et la densit\u00e9 de l'atmosph\u00e8re augmentaient et la vitesse des vents diminuait. \u00c0 environ 7 km d'altitude, la direction des vents s'est invers\u00e9e en entra\u00eenant doucement Huygens vers l'Ouest pendant les derni\u00e8res minutes avant l'atterrissage.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"NASA\/JPL\/Space Science Institute\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/11\/Location_of_landing_site2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/11\/location_of_landing_site2\/17904712-2-eng-GB\/Location_of_landing_site.jpg\" alt=\"Location of landing site\"><figcaption>Emplacement du site d'atterrissage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L'atmosph\u00e8re \u00e9tait essentiellement constitu\u00e9e d'azote, avec environ 5 pour cent de m\u00e9thane, tandis que le brouillard \u00e9tait surtout form\u00e9 de m\u00e9thane (sur la Terre, on br\u00fble le gaz m\u00e9thane dans les chaudi\u00e8res et les cuisini\u00e8res).<\/p>\n<p>Les quelques 350 images recueillies pendant la mission d\u00e9voilent un paysage couvert de glace et entaill\u00e9 de \" canaux \" fonc\u00e9s qui se dirigent vers un \" rivage \" r\u00e9gulier. Les pluies de m\u00e9thane remplissent parfois les lits ass\u00e9ch\u00e9s des canaux, en cr\u00e9ant des rivi\u00e8res temporaires qui creusent la surface et transportent des mat\u00e9riaux dans les plaines avoisinantes.<\/p>\n<p>Huygens s'est pos\u00e9e dans une zone plate, couverte de cailloux ou de petits blocs de glace. La surface \u00e9tait relativement molle, comme de la neige tass\u00e9e, malgr\u00e9 la tr\u00e8s basse temp\u00e9rature (-180\u00b0C) - bien plus froide qu'en Antarctique. Les grains de glace, tr\u00e8s fins, \u00e9taient humidifi\u00e9s par le m\u00e9thane, qui s'est \u00e9vapor\u00e9 en entrant en contact avec la sonde ti\u00e8de.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/SPECIALS\/Kids_Comic\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">comic_episode03_strillo<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 14 January 2005 ESA&#8217;s Huygens probe made an historic landing on the surface of Saturn&#8217;s giant satellite, Titan. Now, after careful analysis of the Huygens data, scientists have unravelled [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/11\/huygens_descent_and_landing_in_20052\/17888579-2-eng-GB\/Huygens_descent_and_landing_in_2005.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Huygens' descent and landing in 2005","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/11\/Huygens_descent_and_landing_in_20052","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=974"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4767,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974\/revisions\/4767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}