{"id":973,"date":"2005-12-05T10:52:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-05T09:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/water_on_mars_but_not_a_drop_to_drink\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:23","slug":"water_on_mars_but_not_a_drop_to_drink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/water_on_mars_but_not_a_drop_to_drink\/","title":{"rendered":"De l'eau sur Mars \u2013 Mais pas une goutte \u00e0 boire"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La surface de Mars est aussi s\u00e8che que le d\u00e9sert, mais de r\u00e9cents r\u00e9sultats livr\u00e9s par la sonde orbitale Mars Express de l'ESA confirment que l'eau a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le majeur dans l'histoire de la plan\u00e8te. Les instruments ultra sensibles de la sonde montrent que la plan\u00e8te rouge aujourd'hui si aride \u00e9tait autrefois beaucoup plus humide. Ils confirment \u00e9galement la pr\u00e9sence de glace d'eau probablement r\u00e9pandue sous la surface.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pendant quelques semaines l'\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier, les instruments de radar de la sonde ont transmis des signaux radio qui ont p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 la surface de Mars et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9s par des couches souterraines. L'analyse de ces \u00e9chos a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des structures arqu\u00e9es qui pourraient \u00eatre les bordures ext\u00e9rieures de bassins d'amortissement ensevelis.<\/p>\n

\"Hubble's
Le passage tout pr\u00e8s de Mars du t\u00e9lescope Hubble<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Une structure presque circulaire d'environ 250 km de diam\u00e8tre, git \u00e0 1,5 - 2,5 km de profondeur dans les terrains bas du nord de la r\u00e9gion de Chryse Planitia. Les scientifiques pensent qu'elle peut contenir une \u00e9paisse couche de mati\u00e8re riche en glace d'eau. Plus en direction du p\u00f4le Nord martien, de forts \u00e9chos indiquent la pr\u00e9sence de couches presque pures de glace d'eau, de plus d'un km d'\u00e9paisseur, au-dessus d'une couche de \u201cterre\u201d volcanique.<\/p>\n

Le radar MARSIS a \u00e9galement servi \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la partie sup\u00e9rieure de l'atmosph\u00e8re, \u00e0 savoir l'ionosph\u00e8re. Les \u00e9chos r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un lien \u00e9troit entre le comportement du gaz ionis\u00e9 dans cette r\u00e9gion et les zones de fort magn\u00e9tisme pr\u00e9sentes dans la cro\u00fbte solide de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

Un autre instrument, appel\u00e9 OMEGA, a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 des min\u00e9raux de roche ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9s par de l'eau liquide. Ces min\u00e9raux \u2018hydrat\u00e9s\u2019 prouvent que Mars regorgeait d'eau il y a des milliards d'ann\u00e9es \u2013 et que les conditions pouvaient se pr\u00eater \u00e0 la vie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The surface of Mars is now as dry as a desert, but new results from ESA\u2019s Mars Express confirm that water has played an important role in the planet\u2019s history. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/11\/mars_express_s_omega_instrument_adds_detail_to_candor_chasma3\/17911528-2-eng-GB\/Mars_Express_s_OMEGA_instrument_adds_detail_to_Candor_Chasma.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Mars Express's OMEGA instrument adds detail to Candor Chasma","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/OMEGA\/HRSC","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/11\/Mars_Express_s_OMEGA_instrument_adds_detail_to_Candor_Chasma3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=973"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4766,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/973\/revisions\/4766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=973"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}