{"id":964,"date":"2004-11-15T15:56:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T14:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mars_-_the_red_planet\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:17","slug":"mars_-_the_red_planet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/mars_-_the_red_planet\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars \u2013 la plan\u00e8te rouge"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Mars est souvent appel\u00e9e la \u2018 plan\u00e8te rouge \u2019 car elle appara\u00eet dans le ciel comme une \u00e9toile rouge-orange. C'est cette couleur qui a incit\u00e9 les Grecs et les Romains de l'Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 lui donner le nom de leur dieu de la guerre. Aujourd'hui, gr\u00e2ce aux sondes spatiales qui s'y sont rendues, nous savons que l'aspect de la plan\u00e8te est d\u00fb \u00e0 la rouille pr\u00e9sente dans les roches martiennes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mars est la quatri\u00e8me plan\u00e8te \u00e0 partir du Soleil. Elle orbite autour du Soleil \u00e0 une distance moyenne de 228 millions de km, soit une fois et demie la distance entre la Terre et le Soleil ; les visiteurs humains y trouveraient donc un froid intense. Bien que les \u00e9t\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00e9quateur puissent \u00eatre assez chauds, la temp\u00e9rature moyenne est de 63 degr\u00e9s Celsius en dessous de z\u00e9ro, ce qui est comparable aux hivers en Antarctique. Les nuits sont \u00e9galement glaciales.<\/p>\n<p>Les premiers humains qui poseront le pied sur Mars auront d'autres probl\u00e8mes \u00e0 affronter. L'air est 100 fois moins \u00e9pais que sur la Terre et est principalement compos\u00e9 de gaz carbonique. Les explorateurs humains devront donc porter des masques \u00e0 oxyg\u00e8ne et des combinaisons sp\u00e9ciales \u00e0 chaque fois qu'ils sortiront de leurs habitacles \u00e9tanches.<\/p>\n<p>De violents orages peuvent soulever des nuages de poussi\u00e8re. Ils se propagent parfois tr\u00e8s rapidement autour de la plan\u00e8te toute enti\u00e8re, masquant sa surface.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mars is often called the &#8216;Red Planet&#8217; because it appears in the sky as an orange-red star. The colour caused the ancient Greeks and Romans to name it after their [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/08\/hubble_s_close_encounter_with_mars2\/17867008-3-eng-GB\/Hubble_s_close_encounter_with_Mars.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/ESA, J. Bell (Cornell U.) and M. 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