{"id":956,"date":"2004-11-19T09:37:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/international_flights\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:12","slug":"international_flights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/international_flights\/","title":{"rendered":"Vols internationaux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L'engagement de l'Europe dans le domaine des vols spatiaux habit\u00e9s a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1969. Apr\u00e8s que Neil Armstrong et Buzz Aldrin furent devenus les premiers hommes \u00e0 marcher sur la Lune, la NASA a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 envisager la construction d'une navette r\u00e9utilisable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les pays europ\u00e9ens ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de mettre au point un laboratoire scientifique, baptis\u00e9 \u00ab Spacelab \u00bb, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre install\u00e9 dans la soute de la navette. En contrepartie, ils ont obtenu le droit d'envoyer des astronautes \u00e0 bord des missions de la navette.<\/p>\n

Depuis le vol d\u2019Ulf Merbold \u00e0 bord du Spacelab-1 en 1983, les astronautes europ\u00e9ens ont effectu\u00e9 30 vols \u00e0 bord de la navette am\u00e9ricaine. Lors de bon nombre de leurs premiers vols, ils ont utilis\u00e9 le Spacelab de l\u2019ESA pour mener des exp\u00e9riences en microgravit\u00e9. D\u2019autres ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des missions visant \u00e0 entretenir le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble (NASA-ESA) ou \u00e0 mener des activit\u00e9s scientifiques uniques.<\/p>\n

\"Mir\"
Mir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Des astronautes europ\u00e9ens ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 21 vols \u00e0 bord d\u2019appareils sovi\u00e9tique ou russe. Les visites des stations Salyut et Mir (1978-1999) ont permis d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir une pr\u00e9cieuse exp\u00e9rience et d\u2019en savoir plus sur la vie dans l\u2019espace pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes. Thomas Reiter a pass\u00e9 presque six mois sur Mir, ce fut le premier astronaute de l'ESA \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une sortie dans l'espace.<\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les astronautes de l'ESA ont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement visit\u00e9 la station spatiale internationale (ISS). Deux missions de longue dur\u00e9e ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es par les astronautes europ\u00e9ens sur la Station. En 2008, le Fran\u00e7ais L\u00e9opold Eyharts a pass\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 49 jours dans l\u2019espace pour une mission destin\u00e9e \u00e0 amarrer et \u00e0 mettre en service le laboratoire de l\u2019ESA, Columbus. En 2009, le Belge Frank De Winne a pass\u00e9 6 mois \u00e0 bord de la Station, devenant ainsi le premier astronaute de l\u2019ESA \u00e0 prendre les commandes de l\u2019ISS.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Europe’s involvement in human spaceflight began in 1969. After Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, NASA began to think about building a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/07\/neil_armstrong_on_the_moon2\/17891390-2-eng-GB\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Neil Armstrong on the Moon","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/07\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4755,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions\/4755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}