{"id":954,"date":"2004-11-19T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_supply_ship\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:11","slug":"esa_s_supply_ship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/esa_s_supply_ship\/","title":{"rendered":"Le vaisseau ravitailleur de l'ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La station spatiale internationale (ISS) est comme une \u00eele entour\u00e9e d'une mer vide. Sans un approvisionnement r\u00e9gulier depuis la Terre, ses \u00e9quipages seraient comme des Robinson Crusoe modernes \u2013 isol\u00e9s loin de chez eux.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pour l'instant, les astronautes ne peuvent pas faire pousser leur nourriture en orbite. Ils d\u00e9pendent d'un approvisionnement frais \u00e0 intervalles de quelques mois.<\/p>\n

Jusque r\u00e9cemment, les aliments, l\u2019eau, l\u2019air et les pi\u00e8ces de rechange \u00e9taient achemin\u00e9s par la navette am\u00e9ricaine et le vaisseau-cargo russe non habit\u00e9 Progress. Cela a chang\u00e9 en 2008, ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 un nouvel engin de ravitaillement de l\u2019ESA, le V\u00e9hicule de transfert automatique (ATV), fit son voyage inaugural. Baptis\u00e9 Jules Verne, en l\u2019honneur du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre auteur de science-fiction fran\u00e7ais, l\u2019ATV s\u2019est amarr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ISS le 3 avril. Une fois sa mission termin\u00e9e, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re pour y br\u00fbler, le 29 septembre.<\/p>\n

Chaque ATV est lanc\u00e9 \u00e0 bord de la fus\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne Ariane 5. Le vol vers l'ISS dure g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement cinq jours.<\/p>\n

\"The
Le v\u00e9hicule de transfert automatis\u00e9 (ATV) permettra \u00e0 l'ESA d'acheminer des charges utiles vers la Station spatiale internationale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le v\u00e9hicule tout-terrain (ATV) de 20 tonnes transporte jusqu\u2019\u00e0 8 tonnes de ravitaillement, de carburant, de mat\u00e9riel d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation et de cadeaux destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quipage. Pendant les six mois o\u00f9 il reste amarr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ISS, son moteur peut \u00eatre mis \u00e0 feu pour rehausser l\u2019orbite de la station. Cela permet de maintenir l\u2019ISS \u00e0 une altitude s\u00fbre d\u2019environ 320 km, bien au-dessus de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre.<\/p>\n

Au terme de leur vie utile, les ATV deviennent un gigantesque camion poubelle. Charg\u00e9s de 6,3 tonnes de d\u00e9chets, ils sont envoy\u00e9s dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re pour y br\u00fbler.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The International Space Station (ISS) is like an island surrounded by an empty sea. Without a regular supply line from Earth, its crews would be like modern Robinson Crusoes \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/03\/the_automated_transfer_vehicle2\/17864344-3-eng-GB\/The_Automated_Transfer_Vehicle.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The Automated Transfer Vehicle","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/03\/The_Automated_Transfer_Vehicle2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,27],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-space-stations","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=954"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4753,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/954\/revisions\/4753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=954"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}