{"id":942,"date":"2004-12-03T10:16:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/floods\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:02","slug":"floods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/floods\/","title":{"rendered":"Inondations"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les inondations sont les catastrophes naturelles les plus co\u00fbteuses au monde. Le co\u00fbt des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par les inondations s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 des milliards d\u2019euros. Les seules inondations au Pakistan en juillet 2010 ont caus\u00e9 plus de 7 milliards d\u2019euros de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les inondations peuvent se produire dans des zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res ou pr\u00e8s des rivi\u00e8res. Quand d'immenses \u00e9tendues d'eau recouvrent des r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es \u00e0 une faible altitude, elles peuvent causer des dommages aux biens \u00e9normes et mettre en danger des vies.<\/p>\n

La technologie spatiale europ\u00e9enne est une arme essentielle du combat contre les inondations. Le premier moyen de d\u00e9fense est assur\u00e9 par les satellites m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques Meteosat et MetOp. Ils montrent les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019orage en cours de d\u00e9veloppement et autorisent des pr\u00e9visions pr\u00e9cises des vents et pr\u00e9cipitations.<\/p>\n

Les cam\u00e9ras ordinaires peuvent montrer les inondations \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du jour, quand le ciel est d\u00e9gag\u00e9. Mais les inondations se produisent le plus souvent sous une couverture nuageuse.<\/p>\n

\"Elbe<\/figure>\n

Les satellites de l\u2019ESA, Envisat et ERS-2, ont \u00e0 leur bord des instruments radars capables de voir \u00e0 travers les nuages, de jour comme de nuit. Ils fournissent des cartes pr\u00e9cises de l'utilisation des terres dans les r\u00e9gions inond\u00e9es, pour indiquer l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l'eau a recouvert les champs, les zones bois\u00e9es ou construites.<\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es des radars peuvent m\u00eame indiquer la quantit\u00e9 d'eau qui a imbib\u00e9 le sol et l'\u00e9tat de remplissage de 'l'\u00e9ponge'. L'utilisation des donn\u00e9es satellites d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s permet aussi de pr\u00e9voir les inondations \u00e0 venir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Flooding is the world\u2019s most expensive type of natural disaster. The cost of global flood damage is hundreds of billions of euros. The Pakistan floods of July 2010 alone caused […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/10\/floods_in_ivrea_italy2\/17866045-3-eng-GB\/Floods_in_Ivrea_Italy.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/10\/Floods_in_Ivrea_Italy2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=942"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4752,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942\/revisions\/4752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=942"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}