{"id":937,"date":"2004-12-03T10:18:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/earthquakes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:59","slug":"earthquakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/earthquakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Tremblements de terre"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les tremblements de terre sont les catastrophes naturelles les plus meurtri\u00e8res. La plupart des tu\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de l'\u00e9croulement de b\u00e2timent ou d'incendies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

En 2003, presque 44 000 personnes sont mortes suite \u00e0 des tremblements de terre, l'essentiel lors d'un seul \u00e9v\u00e9nement en Iran.<\/p>\n

Le plus r\u00e9cent d\u2019entre eux s\u2019est produit sur l\u2019\u00eele d\u2019Ha\u00efti, aux Antilles. Le gouvernement ha\u00eftien a annonc\u00e9 un bilan de 230 000 personnes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es, 300 000 bless\u00e9s et plus d\u2019un million de personnes n\u2019ayant plus de logement.<\/p>\n

Les tremblements de terre sont les plus fr\u00e9quents pr\u00e8s des grandes fissures de la cro\u00fbte terrestre, appel\u00e9es 'failles'. Ils se produisent souvent en Europe du sud, o\u00f9 deux grandes plaques de la cro\u00fbte terrestre se rapprochent l\u2019une de l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n

\"Satellite
Image satellite du s\u00e9isme de 1999 en Turquie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les instruments radars des satellites ERS-2 et Envisat de l\u2019ESA permettent de d\u00e9terminer si la surface se d\u00e9place. Ils peuvent mesurer ces d\u00e9placements avec une pr\u00e9cision de quelques millim\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

Le radar permet aussi de tracer des cartes et d'\u00e9valuer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts aux b\u00e2timents, de jour comme de nuit. C'est tr\u00e8s utile pour aider les \u00e9quipes de secours et d'intervention.<\/p>\n

Il n'existe pour l'instant pas de m\u00e9thode pr\u00e9cise de pr\u00e9vision des tremblements de terre. Mais les satellites de l'ESA fournissent des informations pr\u00e9cises qui peuvent aider les scientifiques dans leur t\u00e2che. La compilation des donn\u00e9es recueillies sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es permet de pr\u00e9dire les futurs s\u00e9ismes et de rep\u00e9rer les failles cach\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Earthquakes are the deadliest of all natural disasters. Most deaths are caused by collapsing buildings or fires. Several million earthquakes occur in the world each year. However, many of these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/02\/bam_earthquake2\/17900457-2-eng-GB\/Bam_earthquake.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Bam earthquake","esa_banner_credit":"AP Photo \/Kamran Jebreili","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/02\/Bam_earthquake2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=937"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4747,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions\/4747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}