{"id":935,"date":"2004-12-03T09:37:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T08:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/lakes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:57","slug":"lakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/lakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Lacs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Les lacs sont des sources appr\u00e9ciables d'eau et de nourriture, en particulier dans les pays pauvres. Mais ils peuvent \u00eatre facilement d\u00e9grad\u00e9s par une utilisation abusive, par la pollution ou les changements climatiques. Les variations de dimension et de niveau des lacs sont tr\u00e8s visibles de l'espace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ces informations sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cieuses dans les pays pauvres et les r\u00e9gions recul\u00e9es. Elles montrent l'impact de l'agriculture et des conditions climatiques sur les niveaux d'eau. Elles permettent \u00e9galement d\u2019alerter les populations locales sur les risques d\u2019inondation.<\/p>\n<p>Les satellites fournissent aussi des informations importantes sur la sant\u00e9 des lacs, notamment la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019eau, sa couleur et sa pollution.<\/p>\n<p>L'un des exemples les plus frappants est celui de la mer d'Aral, au Kazakhstan. Autrefois quatri\u00e8me plus grand lac du monde, il a vu sa superficie diminuer de plus de moiti\u00e9 au cours des 45 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<br \/>Les images prises par des satellites tels qu\u2019Envisat, de l\u2019ESA, montrent comment l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine a r\u00e9duit \u00e0 un simple filet d\u2019eau les cours d\u2019eau se jetant dans la mer d\u2019Aral. En cons\u00e9quence, le lac s\u2019est litt\u00e9ralement scind\u00e9 en deux. Il reste d\u00e9sormais, tout autour de ses rives, un d\u00e9sert de 40 000 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de sol blanc et sal\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les instruments radar dans l'espace permettent aussi de mesurer les variations de profondeur des lacs et des rivi\u00e8res qui les alimentent. Dans la mer d'Aral, le niveau de l'eau est descendu de 14 m\u00e8tres depuis les ann\u00e9es 60. Cependant, des efforts visant \u00e0 faire remonter le niveau d\u2019eau et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la salinit\u00e9 dans la partie septentrionale du lac ont fait na\u00eetre un nouvel espoir ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lakes are valuable sources of water and food, particularly in poor countries. However, they are easily damaged by overuse, pollution and climate change. Changes in the sizes and shorelines of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/07\/the_shrinking_aral_sea_seen_from_envisat_s_meris2\/17873002-2-eng-GB\/The_shrinking_Aral_Sea_seen_from_Envisat_s_MERIS.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The shrinking Aral Sea, seen from Envisat's MERIS","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/07\/The_shrinking_Aral_Sea_seen_from_Envisat_s_MERIS2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,66],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-water-world","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2078,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935\/revisions\/2078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}