{"id":933,"date":"2004-12-03T10:14:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:56","slug":"volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Volcans"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Il existe environ 1500 volcans en activit\u00e9, dont 50 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s connaissent une \u00e9ruption chaque ann\u00e9e. La plupart de ces volcans se trouvent autour de l'oc\u00e9an Pacifique \u2013 une ceinture appel\u00e9e 'ceinture de feu' du Pacifique. L'Europe a ses volcans, comme l'Etna et le V\u00e9suve, dont les nombreuses \u00e9ruptions ont marqu\u00e9 l'histoire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Au moins 500 millions de personnes vivent aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un volcan actif. Lors d'une \u00e9ruption, les zones voisines peuvent \u00eatre recouvertes de cendres et de laves chauff\u00e9es au rouge.<\/p>\n

Les champs et les b\u00e2timents peuvent \u00eatre enterr\u00e9s. Des gaz toxiques, des nuages de cendre incandescente ou des flots de boue peuvent tuer tous ceux qui se trouvent sur leur passage. Heureusement, les satellites aident maintenant \u00e0 identifier les volcans les plus dangereux.<\/p>\n

\"Sicily's
L'Etna, en Sicile, d\u00e9but novembre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les satellites Envisat et ERS-2 de l'ESA \u00e9tudient les volcans de diff\u00e9rentes fa\u00e7ons. Des cam\u00e9ras montrent les flots de lave et les nuages de cendre. Des instruments infrarouges d\u00e9tectent la lave chaude qui monte \u00e0 la surface.<\/p>\n

Le radar permet de voir la 'respiration' d'un volcan lors du d\u00e9placement des roches fondues \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur. Un gonflement de surface de quelques millim\u00e8tres seulement peut \u00eatre le sympt\u00f4me d'une accumulation de pression avant une \u00e9ruption. D'autres capteurs identifient les gaz et particules lib\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l'air.<\/p>\n

Ces donn\u00e9es permettent de sauver des vies et aident \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire les \u00e9ruptions suivantes. Les cartes par satellite des r\u00e9gions sinistr\u00e9es facilitent aussi les op\u00e9rations de sauvetage et de secours.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are about 1,500 active volcanoes, with 50 or so erupting each year. Most of these volcanoes are found around the Pacific Ocean \u2013 a belt known as the Pacific […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/12\/etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_20022\/17864232-3-eng-GB\/Etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_2002.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Mount Etna","esa_banner_credit":"Courtesy of P.Chastanet","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/12\/Etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_20022","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=933"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4745,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions\/4745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}