{"id":932,"date":"2004-11-16T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T08:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cassini-huygens\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:55","slug":"cassini-huygens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/cassini-huygens\/","title":{"rendered":"Cassini-Huygens"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La mission Cassini-Huygens, \u00e0 laquelle participent l\u2019ESA, la NASA et l\u2019Agence spatiale italienne, a chang\u00e9 nombre des id\u00e9es que nous nous faisions \u00e0 propos du syst\u00e8me de Saturne. Lanc\u00e9e en octobre 1997 depuis la Floride, il lui aura fallu pr\u00e8s de sept ann\u00e9es pour atteindre Saturne, ayant parcouru pr\u00e8s de 3,5 milliards de kilom\u00e8tres. Cette sonde spatiale de 5,6 tonnes \u00e9tait compos\u00e9e de deux parties \u2013 l\u2019orbiteur Cassini et la sonde Huygens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cassini-Huygens est la premi\u00e8re sonde spatiale \u00e0 se placer sur l'orbite de Saturne. Elle transporte \u00e0 son bord 12 exp\u00e9riences. Depuis son arriv\u00e9e sur Saturne le 1 er juillet 2004, Cassini nous a renvoy\u00e9 d'innombrables informations nouvelles sur Saturne, ses anneaux, ses lunes et son champ magn\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l\u2019origine pour une dur\u00e9e de quatre ann\u00e9es, la mission Cassini-Huygens s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00eatre une telle r\u00e9ussite, qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 prolong\u00e9e jusqu\u2019en 2017 au moins. Elle est pass\u00e9e \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de sept des plus importants satellites, y compris le gigantesque Titan \u2013 qui est la plus grosse plan\u00e8te de Mercure. L\u2019orbiteur a fr\u00f4l\u00e9 Titan plus de 70 fois. Se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant dans un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de 880 km de la Lune, la sonde a pu \u00e9tudier les nuages orange de Titan et son atmosph\u00e8re riche en azote. Elle a \u00e9galement cartographi\u00e9 la surface de Titan gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son radar d\u2019imagerie.<\/p>\n

Le 25 d\u00e9cembre 2004, la sonde Huygens s\u2019est s\u00e9par\u00e9e de Cassini. Trois semaines plus tard, elle entrait dans l\u2019\u00e9paisse atmosph\u00e8re de Titan, devenant ainsi la premi\u00e8re sonde \u00e0 descendre sur la surface d\u2019un satellite plan\u00e9taire (autre que notre Lune). Prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par un bouclier thermique, la sonde a ralenti sa vitesse, passant de 18 000 \u00e0 1 400 km \u00e0 l\u2019heure en seulement trois minutes. Peu apr\u00e8s, un \u00e9norme parachute se d\u00e9ployait. \u00c0 une altitude d\u2019environ 160 km, la sonde a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre des photos et \u00e0 \u00e9tudier l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Pendant plus de deux heures, les donn\u00e9es transmises par Huygens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ceptionn\u00e9es et enregistr\u00e9es sur Cassini, qui volait au-dessus.<\/p>\n

Les images et autres informations transmises par ses six instruments nous ont montr\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 quoi ressemblait cette lune orange. Huygens s\u2019est pos\u00e9e sur le lit d\u2019un fleuve dess\u00e9ch\u00e9 recouvert de petits galets de glace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Cassini-Huygens mission, involving ESA, NASA and the Italian Space Agency, has changed many of our ideas about the Saturn system. Launched from Florida in October 1997, it took almost […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/06\/saturn_orbit_insertion_manoeuvre2\/17885286-2-eng-GB\/Saturn_orbit_insertion_manoeuvre.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Saturn orbit insertion manoeuvre","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/JPL\/Caltech (Illustration by David Seal)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/06\/Saturn_orbit_insertion_manoeuvre2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=932"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2075,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932\/revisions\/2075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=932"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}