{"id":929,"date":"2004-11-16T09:56:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T08:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/life_on_mars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:53","slug":"life_on_mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/life_on_mars\/","title":{"rendered":"La vie sur Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u00eame avec les plus grands t\u00e9lescopes, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019observer des d\u00e9tails sur Mars. \u00c0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, certains scientifiques croyaient distinguer des lignes droites traversant la surface de la plan\u00e8te. Ces lignes reliaient des zones verd\u00e2tres qui semblaient recouvertes de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation. Ces scientifiques pensaient que ces lignes droites \u00e9taient des canaux construits par les Martiens pour acheminer l'eau vers leurs cultures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les images prises par les sondes spatiales ont montr\u00e9 que ces canaux n'existent pas. Il n'y a aucun signe de vie \u2013 ni de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, ni de Martiens intelligents \u2013 sur la plan\u00e8te. Nous savons d\u00e9sormais que Mars est une plan\u00e8te tr\u00e8s froide et tr\u00e8s s\u00e8che, o\u00f9 l\u2019eau liquide ne peut exister \u00e0 la surface. Cependant, on trouve de vastes \u00e9tendues de glace d\u2019eau au niveau des calottes polaires. Le sol gel\u00e9 contient \u00e9galement beaucoup de glace, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des zones de perg\u00e9lisol du nord du Canada et de la Russie.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sence de vastes canaux ass\u00e9ch\u00e9s indique \u00e9galement qu\u2019il y avait autrefois beaucoup d\u2019eau courante \u00e0 la surface. Des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes fournies par Mars Express et d\u2019autres sondes spatiales sugg\u00e8rent qu\u2019il pourrait y avoir de l\u2019eau \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat liquide dans les profondeurs du sous-sol. Si Mars \u00e9tait autrefois plus chaude et plus humide, la vie aurait pu appara\u00eetre sur la plan\u00e8te rouge. Des formes de vie simples, telles que des bact\u00e9ries, pourraient encore exister sous la surface gel\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

En 1996, un groupe de scientifiques a annonc\u00e9 au monde entier avoir trouv\u00e9 des traces de bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur d'une m\u00e9t\u00e9orite provenant de Mars. Cependant, cette hypoth\u00e8se ne fait pas l'unanimit\u00e9 parmi la plupart des autres scientifiques. Si l'on d\u00e9couvrait un jour des traces de vie sur Mars, ce serait la premi\u00e8re preuve que nous ne sommes pas seuls dans l'Univers.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Even with the largest telescopes it is very hard to see much detail on Mars. In the late 1800s, some scientists thought they could see straight lines crossing the planet’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/07\/the_mars_express_spacecraft_in_orbit_around_mars2\/17863233-3-eng-GB\/The_Mars_Express_spacecraft_in_orbit_around_Mars.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The Mars Express spacecraft in orbit around Mars","esa_banner_credit":"ESA 2001, Illustration by Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/07\/The_Mars_Express_spacecraft_in_orbit_around_Mars2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=929"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2072,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929\/revisions\/2072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}