{"id":911,"date":"2011-01-26T15:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-26T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_exploration\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:40","slug":"space_exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/space_exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploration spatiale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pendant des si\u00e8cles, l\u2019homme a r\u00eav\u00e9 de voyager dans l\u2019espace et d\u2019explorer d\u2019autres mondes. En 1957, l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique effectuait le premier petit pas dans l\u2019espace en envoyant un petit satellite appel\u00e9 Sputnik. C\u2019\u00e9tait de d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e8re spatiale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Au d\u00e9but, les activit\u00e9s spatiales \u00e9taient largement domin\u00e9es par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique. Mais avec le temps, l\u2019Europe et le Japon ont appris \u00e0 b\u00e2tir leurs propres satellites et fus\u00e9es. Aujourd\u2019hui, des pays comme la Chine, l\u2019Inde, la Cor\u00e9e du Sud, Isra\u00ebl et le Br\u00e9sil d\u00e9veloppent leur propre industrie a\u00e9rospatiale.<\/p>\n

Au cours des 60 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des sondes non habit\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9es vers toutes les plan\u00e8tes du syst\u00e8me solaire, ainsi que de nombreux satellites, ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes et com\u00e8tes. Des engins spatiaux se sont pos\u00e9s en douceur sur une demi-douzaine d\u2019astres, tandis que des astromobiles ont roul\u00e9 sur la Lune et sur Mars. Le Soleil a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re approfondie par toute une flotte d\u2019engins spatiaux.<\/p>\n

De nombreux observatoires spatiaux, tels que le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019univers lointain. Ils nous ont fait parvenir des clich\u00e9s exceptionnels pris \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re visible. Mais ils peuvent aussi observer les \u00e9toiles et les galaxies \u00e0 des longueurs d\u2019onde qui sont invisibles pour l\u2019\u0153il humain \u2013 radio, infrarouge, ultraviolet, rayons X et rayons gamma. Ces innombrables d\u00e9couvertes ont chang\u00e9 notre vision de l\u2019univers.<\/p>\n

Plus de 500 personnes sont all\u00e9es dans l\u2019espace depuis que Yuri Gagarin a ouvert la voie en 1961. Vingt personnes ont pris part \u00e0 des exp\u00e9ditions vers la Lune et 12 d\u2019entre elles en ont foul\u00e9 le sol. Des stations spatiales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites et les astronautes ont appris \u00e0 rester vivre et travailler dans l\u2019espace pendant plusieurs mois, voire des ann\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For centuries, people dreamed about leaving Earth and travelling to other worlds. Then, in 1957, the Soviet Union made the first small step into space by launching a small satellite, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/exomars_rover3\/17887062-2-eng-GB\/ExoMars_rover.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/ExoMars_rover3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2054,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions\/2054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}