{"id":909,"date":"2004-11-19T08:41:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T07:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_astronauts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:38","slug":"esa_astronauts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/esa_astronauts\/","title":{"rendered":"Les astronautes de l\u2019ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Depuis plus de 30 ans, les Europ\u00e9ens connaissent les joies de la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019espace. Les pionniers de la premi\u00e8re heure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 Vladimir Remek (Tch\u00e9coslovaquie), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Pologne) et Sigmund J\u00e4hn (Allemagne de l'est). Ils ont tous fait des visites d\u2019une semaine dans la station spatiale sovi\u00e9tique Salyut 6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Depuis 1978, 52 missions ont eu lieu, auxquelles ont particip\u00e9 33 astronautes issus des \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019ESA. Les trois premiers astronautes de l'ESA s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 Ulf Merbold (Allemagne), Wubbo Ockels (Pays-Bas) et Claude Nicollier (Suisse).<\/p>\n

Merbold a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 voler, en 1983. Il a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la mission STS-9 de la navette spatiale, qui marquait le premier vol du Spacelab de l\u2019ESA. Ockels a quant \u00e0 lui vol\u00e9 \u00e0 bord de la navette deux ans plus tard. Claude Nicollier a d\u00fb attendre 14 ans avant son premier vol (STS-46 en 1992), mais il a finalement effectu\u00e9 quatre voyages dans l'espace \u2013 soit plus que tout autre astronaute de l'ESA.<\/p>\n

Le corps des astronautes de l'ESA a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1998. Il compte aujourd'hui 14 astronautes de l'ESA : quatre Italiens, trois Fran\u00e7ais, deux Allemands, un Su\u00e9dois, un Belge, un N\u00e9erlandais, un Danois et un Britannique. Six d'entre eux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s en 2009.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For more than 30 years, Europeans have been enjoying the wonders of space travel. The early pioneers were Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Poland) and Sigmund J\u00e4hn (East Germany). They […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/10\/the_european_astronaut_corps2\/17902086-2-eng-GB\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The European Astronaut Corps","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - J-L. Atteleyn","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/10\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2052,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions\/2052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}