{"id":893,"date":"2007-10-03T10:15:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-03T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/more_than_50_years_of_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:28","slug":"more_than_50_years_of_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/more_than_50_years_of_space\/","title":{"rendered":"50 ans de conqu\u00eate de l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Le 4 octobre 1957, un missile sovi\u00e9tique modifi\u00e9 a d\u00e9coll\u00e9 du Kazakhstan, emportant \u00e0 son bord une petite sph\u00e8re m\u00e9tallique : le premier satellite au monde. Baptis\u00e9e Spoutnik (\u2018 compagnon \u2019 ou \u2018 satellite \u2019), cette sph\u00e8re de la taille d\u2019un ballon de basket a fait sensation en tournant autour de la plan\u00e8te tout en \u00e9mettant un signal \u2018 bip bip \u2019. Le monde n\u2019a plus jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 le m\u00eame.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Au d\u00e9but, les super puissances am\u00e9ricaines et sovi\u00e9tiques menaient la course de la conqu\u00eate spatiale. Plus tard, d'autres pays, notamment en Europe et en Asie, ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre au point leurs propres programmes de satellite et de lanceurs. Aujourd'hui, l'Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne comprend \u00e0 elle seule 17 \u00e9tats membres. De nombreuses d\u00e9couvertes dans l'exploration spatiale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites en Europe, de la conception des fus\u00e9es \u00e0 l'orbite g\u00e9ostationnaire.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"397\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/10\/Apollo_11_bootprint2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/10\/apollo_11_bootprint2\/17903343-2-eng-GB\/Apollo_11_bootprint.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>Un demi-si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s le Spoutnik, la technologie de l'espace fait partie de notre vie quotidienne. R\u00e9ception des cha\u00eenes de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques longue distance, pr\u00e9visions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, navigation et surveillance des catastrophes naturelles, tout cela se fait par satellites. Les observatoires spatiaux \u00e9tudient la naissance des plan\u00e8tes, des \u00e9toiles, des galaxies et de l'Univers lui-m\u00eame. Les satellites ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 presque tous les principaux corps du syst\u00e8me solaire. Et 12 personnes ont march\u00e9 sur la Lune.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA - AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/05\/Artist_s_impression_of_ExoMars_rover_arrival_at_the_Red_Planet4\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/05\/artist_s_impression_of_exomars_rover_arrival_at_the_red_planet4\/17869634-2-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_ExoMars_rover_arrival_at_the_Red_Planet.jpg\" alt=\"Artist&#x27;s impression of ExoMars rover arrival at the Red Planet\"><figcaption>Repr\u00e9sentation artistique de l'arriv\u00e9e du rover ExoMars sur la Plan\u00e8te Rouge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Si ces 50 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'une nouvelle \u00e8re pour l'esp\u00e8ce humaine, qui sait ce que nous r\u00e9serve le demi-si\u00e8cle \u00e0 venir ? Peut-\u00eatre serez-vous l'un des premiers \u00e0 aller passer vos vacances sur la Lune ou \u00e0 poser le pied sur Mars.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fr\/esakidsen\/semcgvu7d7f_q.html\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Quiz : \u201c 50 ans dans l'espace \u201d<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 4 October 1957, a modified Soviet missile lifted off from Kazakhstan carrying a small metal ball &#8211; the world\u2019s first satellite. Known as Sputnik (\u2018Companion\u2019 or \u2018Satellite\u2019), the basketball-sized [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/03\/first_signals_from_sputnik2\/17870892-2-eng-GB\/First_signals_from_Sputnik.jpg","esa_banner_description":"First signals from Sputnik","esa_banner_credit":"Dallas News Staff Photo","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/03\/First_signals_from_Sputnik2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=893"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4725,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions\/4725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}