{"id":863,"date":"2011-07-05T08:58:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/eating_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:07","slug":"eating_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/eating_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Se nourrir dans l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les astronautes n\u2019ont pas de magasin \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, ils doivent donc se faire livrer de la nourriture \u00e0 intervalles r\u00e9guliers. Ainsi, un engin automatis\u00e9, comme le V\u00e9hicule de transfert automatique de l\u2019ESA ou le vaisseau-cargo russe Progress, vient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les ravitailler en fruits frais, en eau et en repas pr\u00e9-emball\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Se nourrir dans l\u2019espace a grandement \u00e9volu\u00e9 depuis l\u2019\u00e9poque des p\u00e2t\u00e9s froids en tube et des aliments en forme de cubes. Aujourd\u2019hui, les repas pris dans l\u2019espace ressemblent \u00e0 ceux que nous consommons sur Terre. Ils comprennent des l\u00e9gumes et des desserts surgel\u00e9s, des aliments et des fruits r\u00e9frig\u00e9r\u00e9s, ainsi que des produits laitiers. De nos jours, le menu de la Station spatiale internationale propose plus de 100 plats. Les astronautes choisissent leurs menus quotidiens bien avant de partir dans l\u2019espace. Ils prennent trois repas par jour, plus des encas qu\u2019ils peuvent manger \u00e0 toute heure. Il y a m\u00eame des condiments, comme le ketchup, la moutarde et la mayonnaise, tout comme du sel et du poivre, mais sous forme liquide.<\/p>\n

La nourriture spatiale peut \u00eatre mise en bo\u00eete ou emball\u00e9e dans de l\u2019aluminium. Elle peut aussi \u00eatre lyophilis\u00e9e, pr\u00e9-cuite ou d\u00e9shydrat\u00e9e (teneur en eau \u00e9limin\u00e9e). Si les aliments sont d\u00e9shydrat\u00e9s, ils ne peuvent \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s qu\u2019en ajoutant de l\u2019eau. Des fours permettent de r\u00e9chauffer les aliments \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature d\u00e9sir\u00e9e. Les boissons sont \u00e9galement souvent sous forme d\u00e9shydrat\u00e9e. Une certaine proportion de l\u2019eau est recycl\u00e9e sur la Station, mais il faut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement envoyer des r\u00e9serves suppl\u00e9mentaires lors des missions de ravitaillement. Les boissons propos\u00e9es vont du caf\u00e9, th\u00e9 et jus d\u2019orange aux punch fruit\u00e9s et limonade.<\/p>\n

Avoir un apport suffisant en calories, en vitamines et en min\u00e9raux est tout aussi important \u00e0 bord de la Station que sur Terre. Les astronautes doivent avaler au moins 2 000 calories par jour. Pendant leur mission, les membres de l\u2019\u00e9quipage remplissent un questionnaire informatique pour consigner ce qu\u2019ils ont mang\u00e9. Les experts au sol leur donnent des conseils s\u2019ils jugent qu\u2019ils doivent modifier leur alimentation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astronauts are far from the shops, so they have to rely on regular deliveries of food. Every few months an automated spacecraft, such as ESA\u2019s Automated Transfer Vehicle or the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/06\/expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_unity_module2\/18246402-2-eng-GB\/Expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_Unity_module.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/06\/Expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_Unity_module2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2006,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions\/2006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}