{"id":852,"date":"2004-12-03T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellite_navigation\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:00","slug":"satellite_navigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/satellite_navigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Navigation par satellites"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Il y a bien longtemps, ceux qui naviguaient sur la mer trouvaient leur chemin en \u00e9tudiant les positions du Soleil, de la Lune et des \u00e9toiles. Aux alentours de l'an 1300, l'arriv\u00e9e de la boussole facilita un peu la vie de ces navigateurs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Aujourd'hui, la technologie spatiale a fait que personne ne peut plus se perdre. Chaque personne, v\u00e9hicule, bateau ou avion \u00e9quip\u00e9 d'un syst\u00e8me de navigation par satellite peut d\u00e9terminer sa position avec une pr\u00e9cision de 15 \u00e0 20 m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

La navigation par satellite s'appuie sur un r\u00e9cepteur qui calcule sa position \u00e0 partir des signaux transmis par au moins quatre satellites.<\/p>\n

\"GPS\"
GPS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le syst\u00e8me que nous utilisons d\u00e9sormais dans la vie de tous les jours a \u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019origine, mis au point \u00e0 des fins militaires. Entre 1960 et 1968, 23 satellites de navigation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine pour faciliter la navigation des sous-marins Polaris.<\/p>\n

Ce syst\u00e8me s'est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour devenir le syst\u00e8me GPS (Global Positioning System). Un syst\u00e8me comparable appel\u00e9 Glonass a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place par les militaires russes. Les deux sont maintenant utilisables pour des usages civils autant que militaires. C'est pourquoi l'Europe a voulu disposer de son propre syst\u00e8me garanti.<\/p>\n

L'Europe a d\u00e9sormais mis en place un syst\u00e8me appel\u00e9 EGNOS, qui am\u00e9liore la pr\u00e9cision du syst\u00e8me GPS. L'ESA et la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne d\u00e9veloppent \u00e9galement conjointement le propre syst\u00e8me de navigation civil (non militaire) de l'Europe. Baptis\u00e9 Galileo, il sera le premier syst\u00e8me enti\u00e8rement civil de navigation mondiale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Long ago, people who sailed the sea found their way by studying the positions of the Sun, Moon and stars. Then, around 1300, the introduction of the compass made life […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/01\/galileo2\/17866193-3-eng-GB\/Galileo.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/01\/Galileo2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4707,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions\/4707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}