{"id":841,"date":"2004-12-02T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/expendable_or_reusable\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:53","slug":"expendable_or_reusable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/expendable_or_reusable\/","title":{"rendered":"Pour une seule mission ou r\u00e9utilisable?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>\u00c0 chaque fois que la fus\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne Ariane 5 d\u00e9colle de Kourou, ses \u00e9tages tombent dans l'oc\u00e9an ou se d\u00e9sint\u00e8grent dans l'atmosph\u00e8re. On dit que les lanceurs tels qu'Ariane 5 sont \u2018 \u00e0 usage unique \u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Jeter un lanceur \u00e0 chaque lancement peut para\u00eetre un gaspillage co\u00fbteux. Cependant, la ma\u00eetrise des co\u00fbts est assur\u00e9e par la construction en s\u00e9rie de ces lanceurs. Ils sont construits sur des cha\u00eenes de montage \u2013 un peu comme les automobiles de luxe.<\/p>\n<p>Les lanceurs non r\u00e9utilisables peuvent \u00e9galement offrir une grande fiabilit\u00e9. Si l\u2019un conna\u00eet des d\u00e9faillances au lancement, il est assez facile de voir ce qui n\u2019allait pas et d\u2019y rem\u00e9dier.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019autre m\u00e9thode consiste \u00e0 construire un v\u00e9hicule de lancement r\u00e9utilisable. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, le seul v\u00e9hicule de ce type utilis\u00e9 est la Navette spatiale am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n<p>La plupart des composants de l'orbiteur de la navette sont con\u00e7us pour effectuer jusqu'\u00e0 100 vols. Les propulseurs \u00e0 propergol solide de la navette peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s si n\u00e9cessaire. Seul le r\u00e9servoir de carburant externe est jet\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque vol.<\/p>\n<p>Pour autant, la Navette revient extr\u00eamement ch\u00e8re \u00e0 construire et \u00e0 exploiter. Cela tient essentiellement au fait qu\u2019elle peut embarquer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sept membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage. Elle doit \u00e9galement supporter les chaleurs extr\u00eames lors de sa rentr\u00e9e dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re et atterrir sur une piste. Aucun autre lanceur r\u00e9utilisable n\u2019est pr\u00e9vu, bien que les \u00e9tudes sur de tels v\u00e9hicules se poursuivent.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ESA \u00e9tudie de pr\u00e8s ces deux m\u00e9thodes, afin de prendre, \u00e0 terme, une d\u00e9cision pour le remplacement d\u2019Ariane 5.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every time Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 lifts off from Kourou, its rocket stages fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere. Launchers such as Ariane 5 are said to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/atmospheric_re-entry_demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2\/17866009-3-eng-GB\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Atmospheric Re-entry Demonstrator - artist's impression","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=841"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}