{"id":840,"date":"2004-12-02T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/liftoff_from_south_america\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:52","slug":"liftoff_from_south_america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/liftoff_from_south_america\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9collage depuis l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du sud"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Au cours des 30 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, toutes les fus\u00e9es europ\u00e9ennes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es depuis Kourou en Am\u00e9rique du sud. Pourquoi l\u2019Europe a-t-elle choisi un port spatial \u00e0 l\u2019autre bout de la terre?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>La recherche d\u2019un nouveau site a commenc\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 60, quand la France a d\u00fb abandonner sa base de lancement dans le d\u00e9sert alg\u00e9rien.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019agence spatiale fran\u00e7aise a finalement choisit un site c\u00f4tier au bord de la jungle de la Guyane fran\u00e7aise. Le nouveau site \u00e9tait pr\u00e8s d\u2019un village de p\u00e9cheurs appel\u00e9 Kourou et pas tr\u00e8s loin de l\u2019emplacement de l\u2019ancienne prison de l\u2019Ile du Diable.<\/p>\n<p>Kourou se trouvait \u00e0 des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres de l'Europe, et tout a d\u00fb \u00eatre construit \u00e0 partir de z\u00e9ro. Cependant, cette base pr\u00e9sentait plusieurs avantages majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>les lancements auraient lieu bien loin des grandes zones urbaines<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>les lancements seraient effectu\u00e9s tr\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des zones construites<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>les \u00e9tages utilis\u00e9s de la fus\u00e9e pourraient retomber dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an sans danger<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>les satellites pourraient enfin \u00eatre facilement envoy\u00e9s en orbite polaire ou \u00e9quatoriale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le port spatial europ\u00e9en est \u00e9galement situ\u00e9 tout pr\u00e8s de l'\u00e9quateur. Il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de l'effet \u00ab fronde \u00bb provoqu\u00e9 par la rotation rapide de la Terre au niveau de l'\u00e9quateur. Cela conf\u00e8re une pouss\u00e9e gratuite de 1 650 km\/h vers l'est \u00e0 toute fus\u00e9e lanc\u00e9e \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Cela r\u00e9duit la quantit\u00e9 de carburant qu'elles doivent emporter et leur permet de mettre en orbite des satellites plus lourds.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the last 30 years, all of Europe\u2019s rockets have been launched from Kourou in South America. Why did Europe choose a spaceport on the other side of the world? 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