{"id":837,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_first_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"the_first_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/the_first_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Les premiers lanceurs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Tout sur Terre \u2013 y compris nous-m\u00eame \u2013 est soumis \u00e0 la gravit\u00e9. Sans la gravit\u00e9, nous serions aspir\u00e9s par l\u2019espace. On rapporte qu\u2019Isaac Newton a d\u00e9couvert la gravit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019une pomme lui est tomb\u00e9e sur la t\u00eate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pour atteindre l\u2019espace, nous utilisons un lanceur propuls\u00e9 par des moteurs-fus\u00e9es pour surmonter l\u2019attraction de la gravit\u00e9 terrestre. (D\u2019autres id\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9es de temps en temps. En 1865, l\u2019\u00e9crivain de science fiction Jules Verne sugg\u00e9rait d\u2019utiliser un canon de gros calibre pour envoyer des gens sur la Lune. Plus r\u00e9cemment, des scientifiques ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser de puissants aimants pour mettre un vaisseau spatial en orbite).<\/p>\n<p>Les fus\u00e9es existent depuis tr\u00e8s longtemps. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9es en Chine, il y a plus de 800 ans. Les premi\u00e8res fus\u00e9es \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s simples : un tube en carton rempli de poudre \u00e0 canon et fix\u00e9 \u00e0 une tige de guidage, un peu comme les feux d'artifice que nous utilisons aujourd'hui.<\/p>\n<p>En 1232, les Chinois ont utilis\u00e9 ces \u2018 fl\u00e8ches enflamm\u00e9es \u2019 pour vaincre l'arm\u00e9e mongole envahissante. Le savoir-faire n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la fabrication des fus\u00e9es s'est rapidement r\u00e9pandu au Moyen-Orient et en Europe, o\u00f9 elles ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es comme armes. Plus tard, elles ont \u00e9galement connu un grand succ\u00e8s pour les spectaculaires feux d'artifice.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Everything on Earth \u2013 including us \u2013 is held down by the force of gravity. Without gravity, we would all float off into space. It is said that Isaac Newton [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/rockets_fireworks_cartoon2\/17907457-2-eng-GB\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1980,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions\/1980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}