{"id":836,"date":"2004-12-02T15:57:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"how_does_a_rocket_work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment fonctionne un lanceur"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Avez vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 regard\u00e9 ce qui se passe lorsque vous laissez un ballon se d\u00e9gonfler? L\u2019air sort d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 et le ballon part en sens inverse. Les lanceurs fonctionnent finalement de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on. Les gaz d\u2019\u00e9chappement qui sortent \u00e0 grande vitesse de la tuy\u00e8re du moteur poussent le lanceur vers l\u2019avant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>La plupart des lanceurs modernes, comme le lanceur europ\u00e9en Ariane-5, sont extr\u00eamement complexes et p\u00e8sent des centaines de tonnes au d\u00e9collage. L\u2019essentiel de ce poids provient du carburant, par exemple de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne liquide et de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne liquide.<\/p>\n<p>Les lanceurs ont besoin de grandes quantit\u00e9s de carburant pour se d\u00e9gager de la gravit\u00e9 terrestre. Ce n\u2019est que lorsqu\u2019ils atteignent la vitesse de 28 000 km\/h qu\u2019ils se d\u00e9placent assez vite pour se mettre en orbite.<\/p>\n<p>La plupart des lanceurs comportent deux ou trois \u00e9tages. Lorsqu\u2019un \u00e9tage a utilis\u00e9 la totalit\u00e9 de son carburant, il se d\u00e9tache pour larguer le poids mort correspondant. Alors il retombe (en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans les oc\u00e9ans et loin des zones habit\u00e9es) ou bien se consume dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Les gros lanceurs disposent souvent d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de pouss\u00e9e suppl\u00e9mentaire fournie par des propulseurs attach\u00e9s sur le premier \u00e9tage. Ils utilisent du carburant liquide ou bien solide. Ils sont eux aussi en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral largu\u00e9s.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you noticed what happens if you let the air out of a balloon? The air goes one way and the balloon moves in the opposite direction. Rockets work in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/balloons2\/17894905-2-eng-GB\/balloons.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/balloons2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1979,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions\/1979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}