{"id":835,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"rockets_in_war_and_peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/","title":{"rendered":"Les fus\u00e9es pour la guerre et pour la paix"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le premier \u00e0 avoir con\u00e7u un lanceur aliment\u00e9 avec du carburant liquide et non plus de la poudre \u00e0 canon fut un ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u00e9cole russe du nom de Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Il a fallu plus de 20 ans pour que le premier lanceur \u00e0 carburant liquide ne d\u00e9colle. Le 16 mars 1926, une petite fus\u00e9e construite par l\u2019am\u00e9ricain Robert Goddard a atteint une altitude de 12,4 m\u00e8tres lors d\u2019un vol de 2,5 secondes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivirent, l\u2019Allemagne prit la t\u00eate de la mise au point des lanceurs. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019a vu le jour le V-2, un missile qui servait \u00e0 attaquer des villes comme Londres vers la fin de la deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n

En 1945, nombre de scientifiques allemands sp\u00e9cialistes des lanceurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 emmen\u00e9s travailler en Am\u00e9rique et en Union sovi\u00e9tique. Ils ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 construire des missiles plus gros et plus puissants susceptibles de servir \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019exploration spatiale.<\/p>\n

Spoutnik 1, le premier satellite au monde, a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 par une fus\u00e9e sovi\u00e9tique le 4 octobre 1957. En dix ans, les Etats-Unis, sous l\u2019\u00e9gide du scientifique allemand Wernher von Braun, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 construire la fus\u00e9e Saturne 5 capable d\u2019emmener trois hommes vers la lune.<\/p>\n

Depuis 1979, l\u2019Europe a mis au point une s\u00e9rie de lanceurs Ariane qui sont parmi les plus puissants et les plus fiables au monde.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first person to design a rocket that used liquid fuels instead of gunpowder was a Russian schoolteacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. More than 20 years passed before the first flight […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/03\/dr_robert_h._goddard2\/17865305-3-eng-GB\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Dr Robert H. Goddard","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/03\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=835"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1978,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions\/1978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}