{"id":832,"date":"2004-12-02T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/many_parts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:47","slug":"many_parts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/many_parts\/","title":{"rendered":"De nombreuses pi\u00e8ces"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Une voiture sans roues ou sans moteur ne sert pas \u00e0 grand chose. De la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on certaines pi\u00e8ces doivent \u00eatre mises dans un satellite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

La plupart des engins spatiaux d\u00e9pendent pour leur alimentation \u00e9lectrique de batteries et de cellules solaires. Les cellules solaires sont des pi\u00e8ces de silicium ou autres mat\u00e9riaux en forme de pastilles qui produisent de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019ils sont \u00e9clair\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re du soleil.<\/p>\n

Si des milliers de ces cellules sont reli\u00e9es en panneaux de dimensions importantes (pour former les panneaux solaires), ils peuvent alimenter un engin spatial d\u2019une certaine dimension. Les cellules assurent aussi la charge des batteries quand elles sont \u00e9clair\u00e9es. Quand l\u2019engin spatial est \u00e0 l\u2019ombre, les batteries prennent le relais.<\/p>\n

Un engin spatial a plusieurs antennes fonctionnant comme des oreilles et assurant la communication avec la terre. La plus importante est une parabole pouvant atteindre 2 m de diam\u00e8tre capable d\u2019envoyer et de recevoir de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es et d\u2019informations.<\/p>\n

Le cerveau de l\u2019engin spatial est son ordinateur. Les donn\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9es dans la m\u00e9moire de l\u2019ordinateur ou retransmises en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 la terre par les antennes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ordinateur enregistre aussi des instructions sur comment faire fonctionner l\u2019engin spatial. C\u2019est une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en cas de perte de contact ou de panne.<\/p>\n

L\u2019engin spatial a aussi besoin de petits moteurs de navigation dans l\u2019espace. Il en existe de diff\u00e9rents types.<\/p>\n

L\u2019engin spatial peut tourner et pivoter en allumant des petits propulseurs. Ceux-ci envoient des gaz chauds dans l\u2019espace \u00e0 haute vitesse. Certains satellites ont des moteurs ioniques. Ils utilisent un champ \u00e9lectrique puissant pour propulser du gaz dans l\u2019espace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A car without wheels or an engine is of little value. In the same way, there are certain parts that must be built into a satellite. Most spacecraft depend on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/01\/iss2\/17866379-3-eng-GB\/ISS.jpg","esa_banner_description":"ISS","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/01\/ISS2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1975,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions\/1975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}