{"id":830,"date":"2004-12-02T15:03:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_test_centre\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:45","slug":"esa_s_test_centre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/esa_s_test_centre\/","title":{"rendered":"Le centre d'essais de l'ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>La plupart des engins spatiaux de l\u2019ESA sont test\u00e9s au centre de recherche et de technologie spatiales europ\u00e9en (ESTEC) aux Pays-Bas. Le centre d\u2019essai ESTEC dispose de tout ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour v\u00e9rifier un engin spatial avant de l\u2019envoyer vers son site de lancement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Le grand simulateur spatial est parfois surnomm\u00e9 \u2018 l'espace en bo\u00eete \u2019. \u00c0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la chambre, un satellite est soumis \u00e0 des conditions extr\u00eames similaires \u00e0 celles de l'espace. Une fois l'air \u00e9vacu\u00e9, la temp\u00e9rature du satellite peut varier de 100 \u00b0C \u2013 le point d'\u00e9bullition de l'eau \u2013 jusqu'\u00e0 -100 \u00b0C, le point de cong\u00e9lation. Un \u00eatre humain ne pourrait pas survivre \u00e0 de telles temp\u00e9ratures !<\/p>\n<p>Des simulateurs de vibrations sp\u00e9ciaux permettent de v\u00e9rifier que le satellite est capable de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 de fortes vibrations, notamment lors du lancement. Le plus grand simulateur de vibrations d'Europe est le simulateur multiaxial de l'ESA, baptis\u00e9 \u00ab Hydra \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Le site d\u2019essai acoustique europ\u00e9en s\u2019assure qu\u2019un satellite peut r\u00e9sister au bruit assourdissant d\u2019un lancement. Le satellite est inond\u00e9 de bruit produit par de monstrueux haut-parleurs.<\/p>\n<p>Les autres tests s\u2019assurent que les circuits \u00e9lectriques d\u2019un engin spatial fonctionneront correctement. Des contr\u00f4les tr\u00e8s s\u00e9v\u00e8res permettent de v\u00e9rifier que les syst\u00e8mes n\u2019ont pas d\u2019influence l\u2019un sur l\u2019autre. L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique est aussi une menace potentielle.<\/p>\n<p>Les antennes de communication sont v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es dans une cage en acier qui \u00e9limine les signaux de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision ou de radio ext\u00e9rieurs. Les parois sont recouvertes d\u2019un mat\u00e9riau sp\u00e9cial pour rendre cette pi\u00e8ce aussi tranquille que les profondeurs de l\u2019espace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most ESA spacecraft are tested at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) in the Netherlands. The ESTEC Test Centre has everything that is needed to check out a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/1998\/01\/meteosat_second_generation_msg_testing_at_estec6\/17863122-3-eng-GB\/Meteosat_Second_Generation_MSG_testing_at_ESTEC.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) testing at ESTEC","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/1998\/01\/Meteosat_Second_Generation_MSG_testing_at_ESTEC6","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=830"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1973,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830\/revisions\/1973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}