{"id":818,"date":"2004-12-03T09:53:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T08:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shapeshifting_metals\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:38","slug":"shapeshifting_metals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/shapeshifting_metals\/","title":{"rendered":"Des m\u00e9taux qui changent de forme"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Craignez-vous vos visites chez l'orthodontiste? Souhaiteriez-vous trouver un moyen plus simple d'obtenir un sourire id\u00e9al?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>La recherche spatiale contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le nombre de visites chez le dentiste gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'introduction des alliages \u00e0 m\u00e9moire de forme (SMA). Ces m\u00e9taux \u2018 intelligents \u2019 poss\u00e8dent une capacit\u00e9 \u00e9tonnante \u00e0 \u2018 m\u00e9moriser \u2019 diff\u00e9rentes positions.<\/p>\n<p>Tout comme un \u00e9lastique, ils reviennent \u00e0 leur forme d'origine apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tir\u00e9s ou pli\u00e9s. Si on les tord pour leur donner une autre forme, il suffit de les chauffer pour les faire revenir \u00e0 leur forme d'origine.<\/p>\n<p>Le programme spatial europ\u00e9en a mis au point ces alliages pour des commutateurs automatis\u00e9s. Mais ils ont trouv\u00e9 rapidement beaucoup d'autres usages, notamment la r\u00e9paration des os bris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Des agrafes fabriqu\u00e9es en fils d'alliage \u00e0 m\u00e9moire de forme pli\u00e9s sont fix\u00e9es de part et d'autres d'une fracture. La chaleur du corps fait alors se refermer l'agrafe, ce qui rapproche les os.<\/p>\n<p>Ils ne font pas que rapprocher la fracture, mais renforcent aussi l'os pendant qu\u2019il se r\u00e9pare. Ils peuvent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour contr\u00f4ler le d\u00e9placement des dents.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e8s d'un quart des enfants doivent recourir \u00e0 un orthodontiste pour am\u00e9liorer l'esth\u00e9tique de leur denture. Gr\u00e2ce aux alliages \u00e0 m\u00e9moire de forme, il est maintenant possible de rapprocher les dents ou de les aligner rapidement mais sans brutalit\u00e9. C'est donc moins de douleur et moins de recours \u00e0 la chirurgie dentaire.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you dread going to the dentist? Do you wish there was an easier way to obtain that perfect smile? Space research is helping to cut back on visits to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/dentist_22\/17900050-2-eng-GB\/dentist_2.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"AP Photo\/Chuck Burton","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/dentist_22","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=818"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1961,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/818\/revisions\/1961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=818"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}