{"id":803,"date":"2011-07-05T08:28:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellite_television\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:26","slug":"satellite_television","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/satellite_television\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e9l\u00e9vision par satellite"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

De nos jours, nous trouvons tout naturel de voir les images de grands rendez-vous sportifs en direct \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, comme la Coupe du monde ou les Jeux olympiques. Souvent, ces images transmises sur ton \u00e9cran ont voyag\u00e9 depuis l\u2019autre bout de la plan\u00e8te. Et cela est possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un faisceau de satellites de communication plac\u00e9s en orbite g\u00e9ostationnaire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ce qui rend cela possible, c'est un r\u00e9seau de satellites de communication en orbite g\u00e9ostationnaire. Orbitant \u00e0 environ 36 000 km au-dessus de l'\u00e9quateur, ces satellites semblent rester stationnaires au-dessus d'une m\u00eame partie de la surface terrestre. Ils re\u00e7oivent les signaux de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision provenant d'antennes paraboliques au sol, puis les amplifient. Le satellite retransmet ensuite les images et le son aux t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e2ge moderne de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision par satellite a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en juillet 1962, lorsque Telstar 1 relayait les premi\u00e8res \u00e9missions t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9es en direct des \u00c9tats-Unis vers la Grande-Bretagne. Puis, en 1965, Early Bird devenait le premier satellite utilis\u00e9 pour la transmission r\u00e9guli\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9missions t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9es entre l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord et l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

Auparavant, les signaux de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision devaient \u00eatre envoy\u00e9s vers les immenses paraboles des stations terrestres sp\u00e9cialement pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 cet effet avant d\u2019\u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9s vers des antennes locales. Aujourd\u2019hui, les signaux satellites sont tellement puissants qu\u2019ils sont capt\u00e9s par les paraboles de petite taille, situ\u00e9es sur les toits des maisons ou des entreprises. La t\u00e9l\u00e9vision directe par satellite est d\u00e9sormais tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue dans de nombreux pays.<\/p>\n

La liaison directe par satellite permet \u00e9galement la communication \u00e0 distance entre professionnels ou entre des m\u00e9decins en ville et des patients vivant dans des villages isol\u00e9s. Les satellites servent aussi \u00e0 la retransmission num\u00e9rique d\u2019\u00e9missions de radio, que l\u2019on peut \u00e9couter en voiture ou sur une radio portable.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today, we take it for granted that we can see live TV pictures of events such as the World Cup or the Olympic Games. These pictures have often travelled to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2008\/11\/satellite_control_software_expertise_simplifies_digital_tv_channel_broadcasting2\/17878107-2-eng-GB\/Satellite_control_software_expertise_simplifies_digital_TV_channel_broadcasting.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"AFP","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2008\/11\/Satellite_control_software_expertise_simplifies_digital_TV_channel_broadcasting2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=803"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1946,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803\/revisions\/1946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}