{"id":795,"date":"2011-07-19T08:15:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-19T06:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:20","slug":"shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years\/","title":{"rendered":"L'\u00e8re de la navette prend fin apr\u00e8s 30 ann\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>La 135\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re mission de la navette Atlantis est partie de Floride le 8 juillet en emportant quatre astronautes vers la station spatiale internationale (ISS). Plus de 750 000 spectateurs ont assist\u00e9 au lancement de cette mission historique. \u00c0 son retour, le seul vaisseau spatial r\u00e9utilisable au monde prendra le chemin du mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trente ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de cette \u00e8re de la navette, les \u00c9tats-Unis ne seront plus capables de transporter leurs astronautes dans l'espace. Plusieurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des capsules et des fus\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 envoyer des \u00e9quipages sur l'ISS. N\u00e9anmoins, leurs v\u00e9hicules ont peu de chances d'\u00eatre op\u00e9rationnels avant 2015. Les \u00c9tats-Unis voient plus loin et se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 construire une nouvelle fus\u00e9e puissante capable de transporter un grand vaisseau habit\u00e9 vers l'ISS et encore au-del\u00e0 \u2014 tout comme le vaisseau Apollo qui emmena des hommes sur la Lune.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2333\" data-credit=\"ESA - S. Corvaja, 2011\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Soyuz2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/soyuz2\/17885101-2-eng-GB\/Soyuz.jpg\" alt=\"Soyuz\"><figcaption>Soyouz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En attendant, les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Europe et la plupart des autres pays compteront sur le vaisseau russe Soyouz pour transporter leurs astronautes vers la Station et les ramener sur Terre. Le premier vol de Soyouz a eu lieu en 1967. Depuis, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreuses reprises, mais sa conception g\u00e9n\u00e9rale est rest\u00e9e la m\u00eame.<\/p>\n<p>Lors des lancements depuis la base de Ba\u00efkonour au Kazakhstan, un \u00e9quipage de trois personnes est assis dans une petite cabine. Arriv\u00e9s sur orbite, les astronautes passent dans un second module. \u00c0 l'arri\u00e8re, un module de service transporte le moteur principal, les syst\u00e8mes de commande et l'oxyg\u00e8ne. Seule la cabine de l'\u00e9quipage revient au sol, au bout d'un grand parachute.<\/p>\n<p>La Chine est le seul autre pays capable d'envoyer des humains dans l'espace. Le d\u00e9veloppement de son vaisseau Shenzhou, tr\u00e8s similaire \u00e0 Soyouz dans sa conception, a commenc\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1990. Depuis, des \u00e9quipages chinois ont vol\u00e9 trois fois en orbite terrestre. Dans le courant de l'ann\u00e9e, un vaisseau Shenzhou devrait s'amarrer avec un nouveau module inhabit\u00e9, Tiangong. \u00c0 plus longue \u00e9ch\u00e9ance, l'Inde et l'Iran se pr\u00e9parent \u00e9galement \u00e0 devenir des nations spatiales.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 135th and final Shuttle mission blasted off from Florida on 8 July, carrying four astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). More than 750,000 people watched the start of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/07\/last_space_shuttle_mission_launch6\/17906126-2-eng-GB\/Last_Space_Shuttle_mission_launch.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Last Space Shuttle mission launch","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/Fletcher Hildreth","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/07\/Last_Space_Shuttle_mission_launch6","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=795"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4689,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795\/revisions\/4689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}