{"id":778,"date":"2011-05-30T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T11:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:09","slug":"ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuages de cendres: un casse-t\u00eate pour le trafic a\u00e9rien"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pour la deuxi\u00e8me fois en un an, l\u2019\u00e9ruption d\u2019un volcan en Islande a perturb\u00e9 le ciel europ\u00e9en. Ce probl\u00e8me est li\u00e9 aux nuages de cendres qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 projet\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreux kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude. Les conditions de vie pr\u00e8s des volcans islandais ont consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9. Une couche de cendres brunes a recouvert les habitations, les routes et les champs. De gros nuages se sont \u00e9galement d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sur des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres, en traversant l\u2019Europe et ont occasionn\u00e9 le blocage au sol de nombreux avions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

La premi\u00e8re \u00e9ruption s\u2019est produite en mars 2010, lorsque le volcan d\u2019Eyjafjallajoekull a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 projeter des nuages de vapeur et de cendres. Dans les mois qui ont suivi, des milliers de vols ont \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9s alors que ces particules fines se dispersaient au-dessus de l\u2019Europe. Lorsque l\u2019\u00e9ruption du volcan s\u2019est arr\u00eat\u00e9e, le trafic a\u00e9rien a pu reprendre normalement. Puis, le 21 mai 2011, le volcan Gr\u00edmsv\u00f6tn a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 projeter \u00e0 son tour des cendres dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Heureusement, bien que plus importante que la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, cette \u00e9ruption a \u00e9t\u00e9 de tr\u00e8s courte dur\u00e9e. D\u00e8s la fin mai, les vols ont pu reprendre.<\/p>\n

Lors de ces \u00e9ruptions, l\u2019un des principaux probl\u00e8mes pour les compagnies a\u00e9riennes et les gouvernements est d\u2019assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des passagers. En effet, quand un avion traverse un nuage volcanique, les fines particules de cendres p\u00e9n\u00e8trent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des moteurs et les font tomber en panne ou encore ab\u00eement gravement la carlingue des appareils. Il est donc tr\u00e8s important de trouver une solution qui permette de surveiller les d\u00e9placements des nuages et d\u2019en d\u00e9terminer l\u2019\u00e9paisseur.<\/p>\n

Les satellites en orbite autour de la Terre, tels que le satellite Envisat de l\u2019ESA, peuvent nous fournir des images des nuages de cendres. Ils sont \u00e9galement en mesure de d\u00e9tecter les \u00e9manations de gaz comme le dioxyde de soufre qui sont projet\u00e9s tr\u00e8s loin dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, souvent \u00e0 l\u2019altitude des vols programm\u00e9s. Ces donn\u00e9es sont envoy\u00e9es aux Centres d\u2019avis de cendres volcaniques (VAAC) qui sont charg\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9valuer le danger potentiel pour l\u2019aviation et d\u2019\u00e9mettre des avis d\u2019alerte.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the second time in a year, a volcanic eruption on Iceland has caused chaos across much of Europe. The problem has been caused by clouds of ash that have […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/ash_plume2\/17896682-2-eng-GB\/Ash_plume.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Ash_plume2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=778"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1921,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions\/1921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}